Tawadchai Suppadit

Nutrient removal of effluent from quail farm through cultivation of Wolffia arrhiza.

The objective of this work was to study the nutrient removal using the Wolffiaarrhiza during the treatment of laying quails farm effluent. The relationship between W. arrhiza biomass and treatment time, the change in water qualities, and nitrogen-balance (N-balance) were evaluated. The results showed that a biomass of 12.0g of W. arrhiza per liter of effluent and a treatment period of 30 days were found to provide the best conditions for W. arrhizas growth and the quality of the treated effluent in terms of biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, total phosphorus, nitrate, total ammonia nitrogen and total Kjeldahl nitrogen. The pH and salinity were similar for each level of biomass. The W. arrhiza biomasses of 4.00-12.0g/l of effluent were suitable for W. arrhiza survival over time. Since W. arrhiza can fix N in the atmosphere, it can grow very well in effluent containing a low level of N.

Effect of Quail Litter Biochar on Productivity of Four New Physic Nut Varieties Planted in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

Se ha visto que el biocarbon mejora la estructura del suelo y la retencion de agua, mejora la disponibilidad y la retencion de nutrientes, controla la acidez y reduce la toxicidad de metales pesados en las raices de las plantas. En este trabajo se investiga el uso de biocarbon de cama de codorniz (QLB) en la disponibilidad de Cd para la planta de jatrofa (Jatropha curcas L.) en un estudio de laboratorio. Se realiza una combinacion factorial con cuatro variedades nuevas de jatrofa (Takfa, Doi Saket, Lao y Rayong) sobre cuatro proporciones de QLB a 0, 5, 10, y 15 g kg-1 anadidos por separado a suelo contaminado con 60,8 mg Cd kg-1. Tras el trasplante se midio la altura de la planta y la cubierta vegetal cada 2 meses, el numero de hojas y ramas a los 6 meses y los parametros de rendimiento asi como el residuo de Cd a los 8 meses. A continuacion, tras la cosecha de la planta, se analizaron las caracteristicas quimicas, nutrientes y residuo de Cd en el suelo contaminado. El uso de QLB causo un aumento significativo en el potencial de crecimiento y en los parametros de rendimiento (P < 0,05), asi como una disminucion significativa del residuo de cadmio en las plantas (P < 0,05) y una mejora significativa en las caracteristicas quimicas, nivel de nutrientes y residuo de Cd en el suelo (P < 0,05). Se concluye que el uso de QLB puede disminuir significativamente la biodisponibilidad de Cd para la jatrofa, incrementar su potencial de crecimiento y rendimiento, y tiene el potencial de remediar el suelo contaminado con Cd. No obstante, no se aconseja el uso de QLB por encima de 15 g kg-1 de suelo. Dado que el QLB es de naturaleza alcalina puede afectar al pH del suelo.

Effect of dietary dried milky sludge on productive performance and egg quality in laying Japanese quails

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness of dried milky sludge (DMS) as a feed source for laying Japanese quails. The DMS was incorporated into the experimental diets at levels of 0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0%. Four hundred quails were used in a completely randomized design. The results revealed that the daily egg-laying rate, feed cost/100 egg weight, egg width, egg length, egg weight, shell quality characteristics in terms of breaking time, Youngs modulus, work, max force, fracturability, breaking stress, stiffness and power, as well as color intensity and yolk height improved significantly with increasing levels of DMS in the diet (P < 0.05), while feed intake/bird/day, mortality and eggshell thickness showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). From this experiment, it was found that DMS incorporated into the experimental diet at the 20.0% level yielded the most productive performance and best egg quality.

Dietary Quality and Safety in the Reuse of Broiler Litter as a Feed Ingredient through Fermentation and Pelleting

Abstract Suppadit, T., Parukatpichai, K. and Talakhun, N. 2008. Dietary quality and safety in the reuse of broiler litter as a feed ingredient through fermentation and pelleting. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 109–112. To modify broiler litter (BL) by fermentation and/or pelleting as a feed ingredient, BL samples were collected from twenty randomly selected farms in Saraburi province, Thailand in December, 2006. All the farms used rice husks as the bedding materials. Prior to and after the modifications, the nutritive values and health risks were assessed. After fermentation, most of the nutrient contents tended to decrease (P<0.05). By contrast, moisture and gross energy content increased (P<0.05). Pelleting did not alter the nutrient content of the BL. Parasites, aflatoxins and antibiotics were not found in any BL samples. Pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals and sodium chloride were detected in all samples. All pathogens and heavy metals decreased after processing. In conclusion, fermentation followed by pelleting could eliminate health risks and increase the potential scope for utilizing BL as an animal feed.

Dietary Wolffia arrhiza meal as a substitute for soybean meal: its effects on the productive performance and egg quality of laying Japanese quails

Wolffia arrhiza meal (WAM) was evaluated as a protein replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in the diet of laying Japanese quails. A total of 480 4-week-old laying quails were randomly allocated to form six groups in a completely randomized design. Each group contained four replicates, with 20 quails per replicate. WAM was incorporated into the diets at levels of 0, 4.00, 8.00, 12.0, 16.0 and 20.0%. The results showed that feed intake per bird per day, daily egg-laying rate, feed cost per 100 egg weight, egg width, egg length, egg weight, eggshell thickness, yolk height and shell quality characteristics in terms of breaking time, Youngs modulus, work, maximum force, fracturability, breaking stress, stiffness and power showed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) among the 0 to 16.0% levels of WAM. However, these performance measures were significantly lower with 20.0% WAM in the formulated ration (P < 0.05). Mortality showed no significant differences among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The color intensity of the yolk increased as SBM was replaced with increasing amounts of WAM (P < 0.05). In conclusion, WAM could be successfully used in place of SBM. However, the amount used should not exceed 16.0%.

Increasing the slaughter weight of boars: Effects on performance and pork quality

Abstract Jaturasitha, S., Pichitpantapong, S., Leangwunta, V., Khiaosa-ard, R., Suppadit, T. and Kreuzer, M. 2006. Increasing the slaughter weight of boars: effects on performance and pork quality. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 19–24. Thirty-six crossbred boars were slaughtered with 90,100, 110 and 120 kg live-weight. The measured carcass weights were 63, 70, 81 and 89 kg, respectively. Slaughter weight had no significant effect on average daily gains and feed conversion efficiency although both measures tended to decline, particularly from 90 to 100 kg slaughter weight. Dressing percentage, lean percentage, backfat thickness and loin eye area significantly increased with slaughter weight. Effects of slaughter weight on meat pH, colour and water holding capacity were mostly insignificant. Shear force increased with weight until 110 kg were reached and sensory tenderness decreased. Skatole concentration in backfat increased with weight while flavour scoring and overall acceptance declined and an increasing number of panelists noted boar taint. In conclusion, it seems that the European Union threshold for boars of 80 kg carcass weight is still too high to completely exclude adverse effects on pork quality.

Utilization of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate and Vermiculite for Aflatoxin B1 Adsorption in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Diets

Abstract Suppadit, T., Jaturasitha, S. and Pripwai, N. 2006. Utilization of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and vermiculite for aflatoxin B1 adsorption in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 29: 129–132. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and vermiculite minerals as binder when added to pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Four treatments consisting balanced diets were as follows: diet 1 as control diet—free of the toxin and without a binder, diet 2 containing 1% HSCAS and 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 diet 3 containing 1% vermiculite and 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 and diet 4 containing 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 without a binder. It was observed that the average daily gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, survival rate and aflatoxin B1 residue in tissues were superior in shrimps fed diet 2 and diet 3 compared to that of diet 4 (P<0.05), but the diet 1 was the best. It is concluded that HSCAS and vermiculite were capable of binding some part of the aflatoxin B1 in the diet of shrimp.

Effects of moisture content in quail litter on the physical characteristics after pelleting using a Siriwan Model machine.

Quail litter (QL), a combination of accumulated quail manures, feathers, spilled feed and bedding materials, is a potential plant fertilizer, ruminant feed ingredient and other value-added applications. In general, utilization of this litter has been limited to within a few kilometers of quail farms, because it has low density. Pelleting is one possible way to enhance storage, transportation and off-site utilization. The purposes of this study were to show the procedures of pelleting and determine the effects of moisture content in fresh QL on the values of physical characteristics. Results obtained showed that bulk and particle densities of QL pellets decreased and increased, respectively, with an increase in moisture content. Porosity, durability, rupture force and decomposition were also affected by moisture content. Pelleting increased the bulk density of QL. Thus, this method more economically transported the litter from the quail farm to distant areas.

Use of anthocyanin extracted from natural plant materials to develop a pH test kit for measuring effluent from animal farms

The aim of this work was to study the optimal conditions for anthocyanin extraction from natural plant materials in order to develop a pH test kit. The plant materials used were butterfly pea flower (BPF), roselle red flower (RRF) and dragon fruit peel (DFP). The solvents used in this study were distilled water, 1% HCl/95% ethanol (HE), 0.1 N acetic acid, 0.5% vinegar and 20% white liquor. A plant materialto-solvent ratio of 5: 50 (w/v) and an extraction time of 2 h were employed. The result shows that BPF could produce the highest average yield of anthocyanins, and that HE was the optimal solvent. Anthocyanins from the BPF+HE extract yielded the best properties for buffers in various pH, produced easily classifiable pH ranges, and were the most suitable to develop a pH test kit. In conclusion, the pH test kit developed by this method can be used for effluent measurement and will provide results similar in term of accuracy to those produced by a commercial pH test kit and a field pH meter.

Effects of pelleting on fertilizer quality of quail litter

�The objectives of this work were to study the effects of a pelleting process on quail litter (QL) properties including basic physicochemical properties, nutrient contents and heavy metal contents. Results show that the pelleting process decreased variability in dry matter, electrical conductivity, urea N, K, Na, S, Fe, Cu and Cd contents. Dry matter content of pelleted QL showed correlation with several forms of N, including total N, ammonium N, nitrate N, organic N and urea N. The pelleted QL was clearly preferable to the fresh QL with regard to storage, handling, transport and field application. The results highlight a need to improve the pelleting process by minimizing variability in pH, total N, ammonium N, nitrate N and total P.