Ted Wilson

Resveratrol promotes atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

The hypothesis was tested that resveratrol, a compound in red wine, would inhibit atherosclerotic development in rabbits fed 0.5% cholesterol for 60 days. Rabbits were supplemented with or without oral resveratrol. During the study, body weights and food consumption were similar for the two groups. The lack of differences between liver weights and a series of serum parameters indicative of liver disease suggest that liver function was similar in the two groups. The diet produced hypercholesterolemia in both groups, but no differences in lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. The electrophoretic mobility of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and plasma LDL after induced oxidation also was not different between the groups. Staining of atherosclerotic lesions in the control and resveratrol-treated groups revealed that the resveratrol-treated rabbits had significantly more aortic surface area covered by atherosclerotic lesions (P < 0.02). Therefore, resveratrol promoted atherosclerotic development, rather than protect against it, by a mechanism that is independent of observed differences in gross animal health, liver function, plasma cholesterol concentrations, or LDL oxidative status.

Antioxidant effects of phyto-and synthetic-estrogens on cupric ion-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins in vitro

Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Estrogenic compounds (EC) from foods and other natural products, and synthetic estrogenic compounds (SECs) may prevent heart disease by inhibiting LDL oxidation. In the present study, we tested the antioxidant capacities of two phytoestrogens, daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN), and four SECs, (+)- and (-)-Z-bisdehydrodoisynolic acid (ZBDDA), and (+)- and (-)-hydroxy-allenoic acid (HAA), on isolated human LDL subjected to oxidation by cupric sulfate. The effects of these estrogenic compounds on the kinetics of conjugated diene formation in LDL undergoing oxidation were evaluated with a lag-time assay with continuous monitoring of absorbance at 234 nm. Lag-time data revealed that (+)-HAA, (-)-HAA, (+)-ZBDDA, and (-)-ZBDDA had similarly stronger antioxidant activities than either GEN or DAI. We also found that (+)-HAA, (-)-HAA, (+)-ZBDDA, and (-)-ZBDDA strongly inhibited the formation of Cu+-induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in LDL, and that GEN and DAI were less effective for inhibiting LDL lipid peroxidation. Finally, electrophoretic evaluation suggested that (+)-HAA, (-)-HAA, (+)-ZBDDA, and (-)-ZBDDA protected the apolipoprotein B-100 of LDL against oxidation better than did GEN or DAI. In summary, the four SECs, (+)-HAA, (-)-HAA, (+)-ZBDDA, and (-)-ZBDDA, were more potent antioxidants than the phytoestrogens, DAI and GEN.

Urinary Clearance of Cranberry Flavonol Glycosides in Humans

Cranberry is reported to have health benefits, including prevention of urinary tract infections and other chronic diseases, due to the high content of polyphenols, including flavonols and flavan-3-ols. The aim of this study was to determine the clearance of flavonol glycosides and flavan-3-ols and/or their metabolites in human urine. Ten healthy women volunteers ingested 240 mL of cranberry juice containing flavonol glycosides. Urine samples were collected at 0, 90, 225, and 360 min postingestion. While flavan-3-ols were not detected, five flavonol glycosides common in cranberry were identified. Quercetin-3-galactoside, the most abundant cranberry flavonol, exhibited the highest peak urine concentration (Cmax) of 1315 pg/mg creatinine, followed by quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-arabinoside, myricetin-3-arabinoside, and myricetin-3-galactoside. Quercetin-3-arabinoside showed delayed clearance, Cmax at 237 min (Tmax), relative to other flavonols (90-151 min). Both aglycone and the conjugated sugar moiety structure mediate the flavonols bioavailability. Interindividual variation for bioavailability and clearance is also apparent. Metabolites, e.g. glucoronides, were not detected.

Cranberry Quercetin-3-Galactoside in Postprandial Human Plasma

Flavonoid glycoside bioavailability may be important for determining the health benefits of cranberry consumption. Human quercetin-3-galactoside bioavailability of raw cranberries (RC; 55g), sweetened dried cranberries (SDC; 40g) and sweetened dried cranberries containing less sugar (SDCLS; 40g) was measured using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system before consumption and for 240 minutes postprandially. Peak plasma concentrations (ng/ml) for RV, SDC and SDCLS were 15.5 ± 3.0, 14.0 ± 2.9, and 9.8 ± 2.9, with observed peak times of 60, 60 and 120 minutes respectively. This study suggests that quercetin-3-galactoside in the blood stream could be used as a phenolic marker of cranberry consumption. *Corresponding author: Ted Wilson, Department of Biology, 232 Pasteur Hall, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987; Phone: 507-457-2485; Fax: 507-457-2599; E-mail: twilson@winona.edu Received Date: Aug 22, 2014 Accepted Date: Oct 27, 2014 Published Date: Nov 03, 2014 Citation: Wilson, T. et al. Cranberry Quercetin-3-Galactoside in Postprandial Human Plasma (2014) Int J Food Nutr Sci 1(1): 17-19. Int J Food Nutr Sci | Volume 1: Issue 1 www.ommegaonline.com