Tek Nath Dhakal

Citizens’ trust in public and political institutions in Nepal

This article examines patterns of popular trust in political and public institutions in Nepal. We ask to what extent such trust is linked, on one hand, to citizens’ social and political identities, and on the other hand, to citizens’ perceptions of institutional performance. Our findings demonstrate that trust in public institutions varies extensively. Trust is high for a number of professional institutions, such as schools and hospitals. It is also quite high for local government institutions. Trust in the parliament and the government is much lower. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a weak relationship between institutional trust and identity variables. Demographic and social characteristics of participants, such as caste, and religious and political affiliations, have little significance in explaining the level of citizens’ trust in political and public institutions. Such trust primarily depends upon how citizens assess the performance of these institutions. Hence, patterns of institutional trust depend on how participants evaluate the current macro-political situation in Nepal, whether recent political changes are judged to have gone in the right direction. In a more general and comparative perspective our findings from Nepal fit with a performance-based theory of institutional trust, while, to a large extent, they disconfirm identity-based explanations.

Understanding Governance in South Asia

The major purpose of this chapter is to categorize and map patterns of governance in South Asia. The questions that are asked are there similarities in governance patterns in countries of this region? Does a particular pattern is more dominant and influence politics, policies, and inter-organizational relations.

In Search of Better Governance in South Asia and Beyond

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Governance approaches to mitigation of and adaptation to climate change in Asia

1. Governance Approaches for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Asia: An Introduction Huong Ha and Tek Nath Dhakal PART I: ISSUES AND IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ASIA 2. Climate Change, Vanishing Ecosystems and the Challenge of Achieving Human Prosperity Amita Singh 3. The Interplay between Climate Change, Economy and Displacement: Experience from Asia A.K.M. Ahsan Ullah 4. Disaster Communication in Mitigating Climate Change in Sri Lanka: Problems and Prospects R. Lalitha S. Fernando 5. Climate Change and Global Environmental Governance: The Asian Experience Gamini Herath PART II: PRECONDITIONS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT SECTORS 6. Approaches for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study of Agriculture Initiatives in Japan Izumi Tsurita, S.V.R.K. Prabhakar and Daisuke Sano 7. How Adaptive Policies are in Japan and Can Adaptive Policies Mean Effective Policies?: Some Implications for Governing Climate Change Adaptation S.V.R.K. Prabhakar, Misa Aoki and Reina Mashimo 8. Management of Climate Induced National Security: Paradigm Shift from Geopolitics to Carbon Politics Md Shafiqul Islam 9. Deconstructing Debate on National Action Plan on Climate Change at the State Level: A Case Study of Meghalaya State, India Ashok Kumar Singha, Suvra Majumdar, Abhik Saha and Somnath Hazra 10. The Role of Government and the Private Sector in Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change Vinay Sharma PART III: GOVERNANCE APPROACHES FOR MANAGING CLIMATE CHANGE 11. Integrated Governance and Adaptation to Climate Change Ken Coghill and Ramanie Samaratunge 12. Climate Change Governance: Singapore Case Huong Ha 13. Governance Framework to Mitigate Climate Change: Challenges in Urbanising India Mahendra Sethi and Subhakanta Mohapatra 14. Unripe Fruits or Non-Raining Clouds?: Climate Change Governance and Funding Dilemma in Nepal Bimal Raj Regmi and Dinanath Bhandari 15. Environmental Legislations and Actions in Polity, Economy and Culture for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study of Misamis Oriental Province, the Philippines Isaias S. Sealza and Huong Ha 16. Responses to Climate Change - Who is Responsible?: A Conclusion Tek Nath Dhakal and Huong Ha

Land Use and Disaster Governance: Implications and Policy Recommendations

This chapter summarises what has been discussed in the previous chapters. It discusses the implications of governance approaches to plan and manage land, ensure food security, reduce disaster risk, manage disasters and other associated issues. The way land is planned, distributed and used has certainly entails consequences to food security and disaster risk reduction and other associated issues.

Responses to Climate Change — Who Is Responsible? A Conclusion

The impacts of climate change (CC) are real and palpable, posing threats on several fronts, including human development and the sustainability of civilisations. It has been agreed by all authors that CC impacts are profound, long-lasting, cross-border and difficult to contain at a location or within a country. The major impacts of CC identified in this book include (i) loss of life, human security and human displacement, (ii) ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, (iii) economic loss and reduction of economic growth rate and (iv) national and regional security. These have been witnessed as there have been sea-level rises, glacial retreats, adverse weather patterns, flooding, shrinking freshwater resources, desertification and loss of bio-diversity at an alarming rate. The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) (2011) study has shown that the Hindkush-Himalaya region is a hotspot of global warming, recording a temperature rise of 0.6-1.3 °C within a period of 30 years. CC and its adverse effects are pushing humans to a point where we are living in a precarious condition (Regmi and Dinanath, 2011). Thus, as Huq and Reid (2006) also identified, CC is now considered to be one of the major environmental problems challenging society and the natural world. There has been no major difference in terms of the impacts of CC in Asian countries and others. Yet Asian countries are prone to disaster due to their geographical, social and cultural uniqueness, which makes the battle against CC and environmental degradation even more challenging.

Challenges of Democratic Governance in South Asia and Beyond

The history of public governance in South Asia has had a chequered history characterized by stability based on the paternalistic culture of the region coupled with formalism introduced during the British colonial rule. More recently, the state led governance that dominated pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial periods is in the retreat in the new-liberal, market led globalized world. Planned economy which once characterized some South Asian nations such as Bangladesh in the early 1970s and India until the 1980s has been replaced by private initiatives, liberalization, export centered growth, and market-oriented reforms.

Benefits and Challenges of E-Governance for Service Delivery in Nepal

The growing application of information and communication technology (ICT) and their subsequent use in strengthening interaction among civil societies, communities, citizens, and businesses have given rise to a new governance paradigm known as e-governance. E-governance came both in developed and developing countries as a quest of making public institutions more transparent, accountable, and efficient for the better delivery of public services. This chapter discusses the prospects and challenges of ICT for improving service delivery in Nepal which is considered an important tool to help meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDG goals). The study concludes that there has been improvement in the application of ICT as well as internal efficiency in the decision-making process. However, there is room for improvement in the service delivery provision. It has decreased discrimination and enhanced accountability of officials, but citizen’s inclusion in the public decision-making process and empowerment, though improved from before, still remains important aspects that need due attention.

Introduction: Understanding Civil Service in South Asia

This chapter gives an overview of the nature and systems of public administration in South Asia. It begins by describing the civil service systems in the region, focusing on how they have developed historically, in some cases from colonial roots, their development through various reforms, and the composition of the civil service organizations. Descriptions are also given of the recruitment process, promotion and career development, and the training of civil servants. The chapter summarizes the reforms that have been proposed, attempted or carried out to streamline the civil service. The chapter also briefly describes local governance systems in South Asia. It concludes by introducing the chapters presented in this book.

Community Governance for Climate Change Adaptation in Nepal

This paper describes how community forestry is managed in Nepal and what contributions it is making to preserve and conserve forest resources, thereby preventing adverse climate changes. It also provides an account of different laws enacted in different time periods Nepal and which transferred management of forests from government controlled to control by community forest user groups (CFUGs). The study found that the CFUGs were able to conserve the forest along with restoring degraded forest land, resuming greenery, increased supply of forest products, and promoting income generation and community development for improving the livelihoods of the rural people, especially the women of rural people, especially the women. However, conflict of interest between the CFUGs and the local bodies is also found in Nepal.