Tércia Cesária Reis de Souza

Endogenous ileal losses of nitrogen and amino acids in pigs and piglets fed graded levels of casein.

Abstract In order to determine ileal losses of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) and the coefficients of apparent and true ileal digestibility (AID, TID) of N and AA from casein in piglets and pigs, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 24 piglets were used. The piglets were weaned at 17 days of age, weighing 6.4 kg and cannulated at terminal ileum. Ileal digesta was collected at 28 – 29 and 35 – 36 days of age in period 1 and 2, respectively. Feed intake was 150 and 300 g · d−1 during the first and second period. In Experiment 2, 16 castrates weighing 52.5 kg and cannulated at terminal ileum were used. The intake level of digestible energy was 2.5 times their maintenance requirement. The experiment lasted 7 days and ileal digesta was collected on day 6 – 7. Treatments consisted of four levels of N from casein: 8, 16, 24 and 32 g N · kg−1 feed, respectively. Results showed that N level did not increase N or AA ileal losses. In piglets, N and AA ileal losses were similar between periods, except for period 2, where losses per kg DMI were about 47 and 64% higher for glycine and proline, respectively (p < 0.05). When ileal losses from pigs and piglets were compared, piglets had higher (p < 0.05) ileal losses of N and AA (excepted glutamic acid and alanine). A lower (p < 0.05) AID was observed in piglets in period 2 for N, methionine, glutamic acid, glycine and proline. With exception of glycine in pigs, all values for TID of N and AA of casein were superior to 0.90. Piglets had higher TID of N, leucine, isoleucine, valine and phenylalanine. These results showed that piglets have higher ileal losses than pigs.

Effects of intragastrically-administered Tepary bean lectins on digestive and immune organs: Preclinical evaluation

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Gastrointestinal morphophysiology and presence of kafirins in ileal digesta in growing pigs fed sorghum-based diets

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the effects of three sorghum-based diets with different levels of tannins and kafirins on some gastrointestinal morphophysiological characteristics of growing pigs. We also evaluated the pigs’ performance and the presence of kafirin fractions in sorghum samples and in ileal digesta. We used 24 pigs that weighed 22.1 ± 0.65 kg randomly assigned to four different cereal–soybean meal diets: a corn-based (control diet; C), a low tannin and low kafirin sorghum-based (LTLK), a low tannin and high kafirin sorghum-based (LTHK), and a high tannin and high kafirin sorghum-based (HTHK). We evaluated the pH of the gastrointestinal digesta, the liver and pancreas weight, and the total and specific trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymatic activities in the pancreas, and the intestinal villi morphology. The results indicated that the different sorghum diets did not affect the performance of the pigs (P > .05) or the majority of the evaluated morphophysiological parameters. The total trypsin activity was h...ABSTRACT We evaluated the effects of three sorghum-based diets with different levels of tannins and kafirins on some gastrointestinal morphophysiological characteristics of growing pigs. We also evaluated the pigs’ performance and the presence of kafirin fractions in sorghum samples and in ileal digesta. We used 24 pigs that weighed 22.1 ± 0.65 kg randomly assigned to four different cereal–soybean meal diets: a corn-based (control diet; C), a low tannin and low kafirin sorghum-based (LTLK), a low tannin and high kafirin sorghum-based (LTHK), and a high tannin and high kafirin sorghum-based (HTHK). We evaluated the pH of the gastrointestinal digesta, the liver and pancreas weight, and the total and specific trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymatic activities in the pancreas, and the intestinal villi morphology. The results indicated that the different sorghum diets did not affect the performance of the pigs (P > .05) or the majority of the evaluated morphophysiological parameters. The total trypsin activity was higher in pigs fed the HTHK diet (P < .001). The highest intensity/area of the kafirin fractions was noted in ileal digesta from pigs fed LTHK and HTHK diets. The simultaneous presence of high levels of tannins and kafirins could affect the digestion of sorghum proteins.

Neutral detergent fiber increases endogenous ileal losses but has no effect on ileal digestibility of amino acids in growing pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on endogenous amino acids and protein ileal losses; and also apparent ileal digestibility (AID), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids and crude protein. Sixteen barrows were fed four protein-free diets containing graded NDF levels in Experiment 1. NDF was a mixture of sugarcane bagasse and corn leaves (SBCL). Twenty-four barrows were fed diets with soybean protein concentrate (SPC) or casein as protein sources and SBCL or corncobs (CC) as NDF sources in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, a linear increase (P < 0.05) in endogenous amino acid and protein ileal losses was observed with increased NDF levels, except for arginine, histidine, methionine and proline. In Experiment 2, protein (P < 0.001) and NDF (P < 0.01) sources significantly affected AID of dry matter, which was higher in casein diets (71.7%) and CC diets (70.7%). Protein and NDF sources significantly affected (P < 0.05) SID of crude protein, which was higher in casein diets (92.8%) and CC diets (92.7%). NDF source had no effect (P > 0.05) on SID of amino acids. Overall, this study showed that NDF increased endogenous amino acid and protein ileal losses, but did not affect ileal digestibility of amino acids.

Metabolizable energy, nitrogen balance, and ileal digestibility of amino acids in quality protein maize for pigs.

BackgroundTo compare the nutritional value and digestibility of five quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids to that of white and yellow maize, two experiments were carried out in growing pigs. In experiment 1, the energy metabolizability and the nitrogen balance of growing pigs fed one of five QPM hybrid diets were compared against those of pigs fed white or yellow maize. In experiment 2, the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID, respectively) of proteins and amino acids from the five QPM hybrids were compared against those obtained from pigs fed white and yellow maize. In both experiments, the comparisons were conducted using contrasts.ResultsThe dry matter and nitrogen intakes were higher in the pigs fed the QPM hybrids (P < 0.05) than in the pigs fed white or yellow maize. Energy digestibility (P < 0.001) and metabolizability (P < 0.01) were higher in the pigs fed the white and yellow maize diets than in those fed the QPM diets. The AID of lysine was higher (P < 0.01) in the QPM diets than in the white and yellow maize. The AIDs of leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and methionine were lower in the QPM diets than those of maize (white and yellow) (all P < 0.05). Maize (white and yellow) had greater SIDs of leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, tyrosine, and proline (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBased on these results, it was concluded that QPM had a lower metabolizable energy content and a higher amount of digestible lysine than normal maize.