Tereza Cristina Arcanjo Leal

Typing of human and bovine Staphylococcus aureus by RAPD-PCR and ribotyping-PCR

Aims:  To investigate genetic diversity among Staphylococcus aureus and to delineate the geographical distribution of the strains found.

RAPD-PCR typing of Yersinia enterocolitica (Enterobacteriaceae) O:3 serotype strains isolated from pigs and humans

Sixteen strains of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3, isolated from apparently healthy pigs collected in Rio de Janeiro, and four human strains of serotypes O:4, O:5, O:6 and O:13 were analyzed by RAPD-PCR. The strains were grouped into five genotypic profiles according to the amplification patterns obtained with three random primers. Fifteen of the 16 pig strains had identical amplification patterns, which was named genotypic profile 1. The one different profile was named genotypic profile 2. Genotypic profile 1 was also exhibited by the O:6 human serotype strain. The O:4 and O:13 human serotype strains showed similar amplification profiles with two primers. However, the third primer induced a distinct profile in each strain. Therefore, these two strains were placed into genotypic profile 3 and 4, respectively. Each primer produced a completely different amplification profile in the O:5 human serotype strain; therefore, it was named genotypic profile 5. The presence or absence of plasmids in the strains studied did not affect the amplification results. These results show that genetic variations can exist within a serotype, and strains of different serotypes can exhibit the same amplification profile when compared using other primers.

Vigilância da peste no Estado do Ceará: 1990-1999

Serological surveillance activities regarding the foci of plague in Ceará State have detected a rising number of sentinel animals with antiplague antibodies in 1995, with a peak in 1997 demonstrating an increase in the plague bacteria activities throughout all the foci investigated. From a total of 110,725 serum samples collected from rodents (7,873) and domestic carnivores (102,852) analyzed by the Hemaglutination technique (HA) for antibodies against F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis 905 samples tested positive. In these samples there were 15 rodents (4 Rattus rattus and 11 Galea spp), 720 dogs and 170 cats. Of the 652 human suspected and contact cases investigated by HA, only two were positive. A third case had a positive hemoculture for Y. pestis. The isolate is highly pathogenic for laboratory animals and showed sensitivity to the antimicrobial drugs used for plague treatment.

Pesquisa de bactérias patogênicas em leite pasteurizado tipo C comercializado na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil

In order to improve information about the microbiological quality of the milk commercially available in the city of Recife, 250 samples of pasteurized type-C milk and 50 samples of raw milk were analyzed for Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes and verify the possible occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes. These bacteria can develop in refrigeration temperatures and are responsible for food-born diseases. Neither Y. enterocolitica nor L. monocytogenes were found in the samples analyzed. However, the presence of Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii was detected, these environmental species behave as opportunist pathogens. Through the methodology used for Listeria isolation, one isolate of Salmonella Montevideo was obtained from a sample of pasteurized milk and another isolated from one sample of raw milk. Besides these, several other bacteria species were found. It is likely that the large microbiota present in the samples and the procedures employed to destroy it could have hindered the isolation of Y. enterocolitica and L. monocytogenes.

Homology among extra-cryptic DNA bands and the typical plasmids in Brazilian Yersinia pestis strains

Yersinia pestis, o agente causador da peste, possui tres plasmidios bem caracterizados: pFra (90-110 kb), pYV (70 kb) e pPst (9.5 kb). Adicionalmente, algumas bandas extras de DNA criptico tem sido observadas em numerosas cepas selvagens em varios focos do mundo. Bandas extras tambem foram observadas em cepas brasileiras. Para verificar se existe alguma homologia entre as bandas extras de DNA criptico e os tres plasmidios tipicos, foram analisadas 12 culturas de Y. pestis atraves de hibridizacao com sondas dirigidas aos genes caf1, lcrV e pla localizados respectivamente nos plasmidios pFra, pYV e pPst. As sondas foram construidas atraves de amplificacao por PCR e marcadas com digoxigenina. A sonda Pla reconheceu seu alvo (pPst) e bandas de cerca de 35 kb sugerindo que estas ultimas podem se tratar de um multimero do pPst. A sonda Caf1 reconheceu seu alvo (pFra) assim como bandas mais altas. A sonda LcrV, alem de reconhecer seu alvo (pYV), tambem hibridizou com bandas maiores que pFra e bandas de tamanho entre as de pFra e pYV. Estes resultados sugerem que as bandas grandes poderiam ser resultantes de algum rearranjo, formas abertas circulares ou linearizadas dos plasmidios pFra e pYV.

MARCADORES DE PATOGENICIDADE EM Yersinia enterocolitica O: 3 ISOLADAS DE SUÍNOS DO RIO DE JANEIRO

Sixteen Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 strains, isolated from pigs from Rio de Janeiro, have been analyzed for genetic and phenotypic markers of pathogenicity. It was observed that only 6 strains harbored the pYV (+70 kb) plasmid and one strain harbored a small cryptic plasmid of about 8.6 kb. Accordingly only strains harboring pYV were calcium dependent in the MOX medium at 370C. Twelve strains showed pesticin sensitivity and the esculin reaction was negative in 13 strains. PCR analysis of pathogenicity genes using specific primers showed the presence of the ail gene in 14 strains, the irp2 gene in one and the psaA in none. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, although they were susceptible to sulfazotrin and cefoxitin. For chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin and nalidixic acid the results varied among the strains.

Characterization of a Trypanosoma cruzi strain isolated from a non-endemic area in Northeast Brazil

A cepa WSL (Wild Sao Lorenco) de T. cruzi, isolada de um cobaio proveniente de Sao Lorenco da Mata (Nordeste do Brasil) foi caracterizada atraves da analise do seu comportamento morfobiologico e perfil isoenzimatico. Para o estudo do comportamento morfobiologico, tripomastigotas sanguineos (1 x 10 5) da cepa WSL foram inoculados por via intraperitonal em camundongos albinos Swiss. Como controle a cepa Y (Tipo I) foi usada. Durante o curso da infeccao os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: parasitemia, mortalidade, morfologia dos parasitas no sangue periferico e tropismo tissular. O perfil isoenzimatico foi analisado em relacao as enzimas ALAT, GPI e PGM usando como controle de referencia as cepas Peruana (Tipo I), 21SF (Tipo II) e Colombiana (Tipo III). A cepa WSL apresentou as seguintes caracteristicas biologicas: 1) multiplicacao lenta e pico parasitemico entre 21 - 25 dias pos-infeccao; 2) mortalidade de 3,3% 40 dias pos-infeccao; 3) predominância de formas largas no sangue periferico e 4) miotropismo com predominante envolvimento cardiaco. A analise isoenzimatica mostrou um padrao de zimodema 2 (Z2) que corresponde as cepas biologicas Tipo II. Os resultados mostram que a cepa WSL apresenta baixa virulencia e patogenicidade.

Ausência de Yersinia enterocolitica em alimentos, e reservatórios animais, em áreas do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

A search for the presence of enteropathogenic bacteria in fresh vegetables obtained in 5 restaurants from the city of Recife, revealed neither Yersinia enterocolitica nor other pathogenic bacteria in 96 samples analyzed. Furthermore, Y. enterocolitica was not found in the oral and rectal swabs taken from 15 apparently healthy pigs at an abattoir in the municipality of Bonito in the Pernambuco State. Another search in which twenty one rodents from four species and one marsupial specimen were examined did not detect the presence of Yersinia and other enteropathogenic bacteria.