Terje A. Skotheim

Electroactive high storage capacity polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials and electrolytic cells containing same

The present invention relates to novel electroactive energy storing polyacetylene-co-polysulfur (PAS) materials of general formula (C2 Sx)n wherein x is greater than 1 to about 100, and n is equal to or greater than 2. This invention also relates to novel rechargeable electrochemical cells containing positive electrode materials comprised of said polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials with improved storage capacity and cycle life at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures.

Electroactive high storage capacity polycarbon-sulfide materials and electrolytic cells containing same

The present invention relates to novel electroactive energy storing polycarbon sulfide (PCS) materials of general formula (CSx)n wherein x is greater than 2.5 to about 50, and n is equal to or greater than 2. This invention also relates to novel rechargeable electrochemical cells containing positive electrode materials comprised of said polycarbon-sulfide materials with improved storage capacity at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures. This invention also relates to novel gel type solid electrolytes useful in high energy storage batteries.

A safe, fast-charge, two-volt lithium/polymer cathode 'AA'-size cell with a greater than 250 Wh kg-1 energy density

Research and development of organo-sulfur polymer composite cathodes has produced a family of materials which are electroactive and rechargeable in non-aqueous systems. This paper describes the latest improvements in the performance of AA-size cells and indicates directions to be taken for further development. Applications-oriented performance characteristics (including high-rate charge and GSM pulse discharge) of AA-size cells are described. Initial Regulatory Agency abuse tests are outlined.

Sulfur-rich copolymers of sulfur with 5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2.6]deca-3,8-diene as prospective cathode materials for lithium cells

Catalytic copolymerization of sulfur with 5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene or tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2.6 ]deca-3,8-diene (sulfur:diene ratio=20:1) at 170 v °C in bulk or decalin in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane or N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine in combination with CoCl 2 - 6H 2 O or Cu(acac) 2 occurs at two dienic double bonds to form partially cross-linked copolymers stable up to 200 v °C (DSC/TGA). Preliminary evaluation of the specific discharge capacity of cathodes made using the above copolymers in model lithium button cells gives 670-970 and 300-330 v mA - h - g m 1 in the 1st and 50th cycles, respectively.

ETHYNETHIOL-BASED POLYENEPOLYSULFIDES FROM ACETYLENE AND ELEMENTAL SULFUR: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES

Ethynethiol-based polysulfide polymers [Cssize 2}H2S x ] (x = 1-6) have been synthesized by the reaction of sodium acetylides and elemental sulfur in liquid ammonia with the following hydrolysis of sodium ethynethiolates and spontaneous polymerization of ethynethiols thus formed. The polymers are brown powders (up to 87% sulfur content), possessing electroconducting (10−13–10−14 S · cm−1), paramagnetic (1018 spin · g−1) and redox properties. Application of the polymers as active cathode materials provides for a stable cycling of model lithium batteries. * Now Sion Power Corporation.

SOME FEATURES OF THE REDUCTION OF POLY(METHYLENE SULFIDES) AND POLY(METHYLENE POLYSULFIDES)

Abstract The reductive destruction of poly(methylene sulfides) and poly(methylene polysulfides) in the system hydrazine hydrate - NaOH at 70–1 15°C involves cleavage of the C-S bond and the formation of sulfide, disulfide and trisulfide anions. Nitrogen and methane are main gaseous products of reduction. The reduction of C-S bonds in these polymers is proven by electrochemical methods.

A polysulfide based on bis(thien-2-yl)sulfide : Synthesis and testing as an active cathode material

A reaction of the polycondensation product of bis(thien-2-yl)sulfide and formaldehyde with elemental sulfur affords a polymer containing polysulfide moieties (S-content = 67.2%). When used as active cathode material for model lithium rechargeable cells, the polymer shows the discharge capacity of 620 mA·h· g−1 at the first cycle.

Poly(methylene diselenide) and poly(methylene seleno-polysulfido-selenides), -[-CH2Se2-] n -, -[-CH2SeS m Se-] n -

Poly(methylene diselenide), -[-CH2Se2-] n -, when alloyed with sulfur in a 1-4 molar excess of the latter, gives dark orange rubber-like poly(methylene seleno-polysulfido-selenides), -[-CH2SeS m Se-] n -, where m =1-4 representing a new class of S-Se organic polymers having no C-S bonds. At molar ratio sulfur:poly(methylene diselenide) equal to 16 sulfur content does not exceed m =4. The selenium part of the polymer, while alloying with sulfur, is removed from the polymer and forms the compound with sulfur. The polymers demonstrate reversible redox properties and can be employed as active cathode materials in rechargeable lithium cells.

A New Route to 1,2,3-Propanetrithiol

A new procedure was developed for preparing 1,2,3-propanetrithiol from available initial compounds. 1,2,3-Trichloroethane reacts with sodium disulfide prepared by dissolving sulfur in the system NaOH-N2H4 · H2O-H2O to give a disulfide dendrimeric polymer, thiokol, in almost quantitative yield. This polymer is subjected to reductive cleavage with an alkaline solution of hydrazine hydrate, which is followed by acidification with HCl. The yield of 1,2,3-propanetrithiol exceeds 60%. The synthesis can be performed as a one-pot procedure.