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Featured researches published by Terrance M. Wilson.


Mycopathologia | 1991

Concentrations of fumonisin B1 in feeds associated with animal health problems

P. F. Ross; L. G. Rice; Ronald D. Plattner; Gary D. Osweiler; Terrance M. Wilson; D. L. Owens; H. A. Nelson; John L. Richard

Ninety-eight samples of feeds associated with 44 cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) and 83 samples of feed associated with 42 cases of a porcine pulmonary edema syndrome (PPE) were analyzed for fumonisin B1 (FB1). For comparison purposes, 51 feed samples not associated with PPE or ELEM were also analyzed. Feed associated with ELEM contained FB1 ranging from less than 1 μg/g to 126 μg/g with 75% of the cases having at least 1 sample above 10 μg/g. Feeds associated with PPE ranged from less than 1 μg/g to 330 μg/g with 71% of the cases having at least 1 sample greater than 10 μg/g. Quantitation was by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/fluorescence using the fluorescamine derivative with confirmation by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and/or gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS).


Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation | 1990

Fumonisin B1 Levels Associated with an Epizootic of Equine Leukoencephalomalacia

Terrance M. Wilson; P. Frank Ross; L. G. Rice; Gary D. Osweiler; Hillman A. Nelson; Debra L. Owens; Ronald D. Plattner; Carlos Reggiardo; Ted H. Noon; James W. Pickrell

During the fall of 1989, an episode of equine leukoencephalomalacia involved 18 of 66 purebred Arabian horses at a breeding/training stable in Arizona. Of the 18 horses affected, the condition was fatal in 14. These horses, as well as 48 unaffected horses, had been fed a diet containing a substantial amount of white corn screenings. Gross pathologic findings included liquefactive necrosis in parts of the cerebral white matter and hemorrhagic foci of various sizes in the brain stem. Histopathologic findings included rarefied white matter with pyknotic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy were utilized to identify and quantitate fumonisin B1 in 3 samples of corn from the farm. Concentrations of fumonisin B1 range from 37 to 122 ppm. Fumonisin B1 was also detected. Using information on diet, animal weights, and feeding practices, estimates of total fumonisin B1 dosage were determined. This is the first definitive report on equine leukoencephalomalacia and associated fumonisin B1 concentrations.


Mycopathologia | 1992

A review and update of animal toxicoses associated with fumonisin-contaminated feeds and production of fumonisins by Fusarium isolates

P. Frank Ross; L. G. Rice; Gary D. Osweiler; Paul E. Nelson; John L. Richard; Terrance M. Wilson

During the 1989 corn harvest season, numerous reports of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks and a pulmonary edema (PPE) syndrome in swine from several regions of the United States were received by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), Ames, Iowa. Previous and concurrent research linked Fusarium moniliforme and fumonisin-contaminated feeds to both diseases. Chemical and mycological investigations revealed fumonisin B1 (FB1) concentrations of 20 to 360 ppm in suspect swine feeds and 8 to 117 ppm in suspect equine feeds. Nonproblem feeds contained concentrations below 8 ppm. Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum were isolated from both problem and nonproblem equine and swine feeds. When cultured on autoclaved corn, the F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum isolates produced respective FB1 and fumonisin B2 (FB2) that range from less than 5 to more than 2450 ppm and less than 5 to more than 1000 ppm, respectively. Isolates from both problem and nonproblem feeds produced high levels (greater than 500 ppm) in culture. Reported here is a review of chemical and mycological data resulting from the study of several cases of PPE and ELEM.


Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation | 1992

Characterization of an Epizootic of Pulmonary Edema in Swine Associated with Fumonisin in Corn Screenings

Gary D. Osweiler; P. F. Ross; Terrance M. Wilson; Paul E. Nelson; Scott T. Witte; Thomas L. Carson; L. G. Rice; H. A. Nelson

In 1989, corn screenings were associated with acute interstitial pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, and death in swine. Attack rate was 5–50%, case fatality rate was 50–90%, and clinical course was 1–2 days. Screenings from farms with pigs affected with pulmonary edema contained 20–330 μg fumonisin B1 per gram. Screenings containing 92 μg fumonisin B1 per gram fed to weanling pigs caused pulmonary edema and death. Sterilized corn inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme and diluted 1:1 with clean corn contained fumonisin B, (17 μg/g) and caused acute pulmonary edema when fed for 5 days. Survivors developed subacute hepatotoxicosis with individual hepatocellular necrosis, hepatomegalocytosis, and increased numbers of mitotic figures. Similar liver lesions occurred in pigs given fumonisin B1 intravenously at 0.8 mg/kg body weight for 14 days.


Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation | 1993

Experimental Equine Leukoencephalomalacia, Toxic Hepatosis, and Encephalopathy Caused by Corn Naturally Contaminated with Fumonisins

P. F. Ross; A. E. Ledet; D. L. Owens; L. G. Rice; H. A. Nelson; Gary D. Osweiler; Terrance M. Wilson

A study to evaluate the effects of dietary fumonisin B, was conducted using 6 ponies (4 test and 2 control). A ration naturally contaminated with fumonisin B, was fed in 3 phases: 1) 44 ppm fumonisin B1, 2) less than 1 ppm fumonisin B1, and 3) 88 ppm fumonisin B,. All ponies were monitored daily, weighed weekly, and limit fed at a rate of 0.8% body weight plus hay. Feed intake was measured daily, and a serum chemistry panel was completed once or twice weekly. Four to 7 days after initiation of the trial (Phase 1), all 4 test ponies had decreased feed consumption, and selected serum chemistry parameters were markedly elevated. On day 9, 1 pony died acutely with mild encephalopathy and hepatic necrosis. Another pony, euthanized on day 45, also had mild encephalopathy and hepatic necrosis. The remaining 2 test ponies continued the 44 ppm fumonisin B, diet for 98 days. Phase 2 consisted of a diet with < 1 ppm fumonisin B, for 120 days. During this phase, the serum chemistry values of the 2 ponies returned to normal. Following Phase 2, the 2 ponies were fed a diet containing 88 ppm fumonisin B1. After 75 days, 1 animal died of equine leukoencephalomalacia with mild hepatic necrosis. On day 78, the remaining pony was euthanized after showing distress; it also had leukoencephalomalacia and hepatic lesions.


Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation | 1994

Fumonisin B2 in Cultured Fusarium Proliferatum, M-6104, Causes Equine Leukoencephalomalacia

P. F. Ross; Paul E. Nelson; D. L. Owens; L. G. Rice; Hillman A. Nelson; Terrance M. Wilson

with panretinal necrosis had evidence of retinal vascular disease. Vascular disease was limited to retinal vessels, unlike systemic hypertension in dogs in which similar changes can also be seen in choroidal vessels. In persons with acute and chronic glaucoma, the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers are usually the only retinal layers significantly affected. 1,3 In 1 recent report, photoreceptor numbers were decreased in 24 glaucomatous human eyes with IOPs > 35 mm Hg. The globes in our study, however, routinely showed necrosis in the inner nuclear, outer nuclear, photoreceptor, and retinal epithelial layers in addition to marked changes in the ganglion cell layer. The functional significance of the retinal necrosis is potentially severe. Animals with retinal necrosis would not be expected to regain vision regardless of a decrease in IOP. The difference between the animals who regain sight and those who do not may be at least partially due to differences in the severity and distribution of retinal necrosis. The filtration apparatus was affected in all globes. Early changes were characterized by atrophy with trabecular cells showing hypertrophy. Later in the disease process, profound atrophy made the filtration apparatus undiscernible. Mitosis and plump mesenchymal cells in the plexuses were indicative of a cellular proliferative response that occurs even as the structure undergoes severe atrophy within 9 days of the initial rise in IOP. Regardless of whether these changes are primary or secondary, the consequences of a closed filtration apparatus would be a decrease in conventional aqueous outflow, which may contribute to a further rise in IOP. In summary, changes noted within the first 11 days of increased IOP are 1) the filtration apparatus initially exhibited a proliferative response with eventual progression to severe atrophy; 2) ganglion cell abnormalities and optic nerve malacia occurred early and at relatively low pressures; and 3) the nontapetal retina was consistently more severely affected than the tapetal retina in terms of panretinal necrosis. In these globes, a threshold level of >45 mm Hg appears to be necessary for some of the more severe changes.


Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation | 1990

A Mycological Evaluation and in Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Feed from 41 Farms with Equine Leukoencephalomalacia

Terrance M. Wilson; Paul E. Nelson; W. F. O. Marasas; P.G. Thiel; G.S. Shephard; E.W. Sydenham; Hillman A. Nelson; P. Frank Ross

nosis of pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s disease). Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn 20:375-390. 5. Hill HT, Seymore CL, Egan IT, Harris DL: 1983, Evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the microtitration serum-virus-neutralization tests as used in an epidemiological survey of Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri swine. Proc 3rd Int Symp World Assn Vet Lab Diagn 1:235-240. 6. Joo HS, Molitor TW, Leman AD: 1984, Radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus in swine serum. Am J Vet Res 45:2096-2098. 7. Kelling CL, Standinger WL, Rhodes MB: 1978, Indirect solidphase microradioimmunoassay for detection of pseudorabies virus antibody in swine sera. Am J Vet Res 39: 1955-1957. 8. Scherba G, Gustafson DP, Kanitz CL, et al.: 1980, Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to pseudorabies virus as a field diagnostic test in swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 173: 1490-1493. 9. Synder ML, Erickson GA: 1981, Recommended minimum standards for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in pseudorabies serodiagnosis. National Veterinary Services Lab, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA. 32 pp. 10. Wade TW, Brees J, Goyal SM: 1986, Comparison of latex agglutination and serum neutralization tests for the detection of pseudorabies antibodies in swine sera. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn 29:401-408.


Journal of Nutrition | 1992

Increases in Serum Sphingosine and Sphinganine and Decreases in Complex Sphingolipids in Ponies Given Feed Containing Fumonisins, Mycotoxins Produced by Fusarium moniliforme

Elaine Wang; P. Frank Ross; Terrance M. Wilson; Ronald T. Riley; Alfred H. Merrill


Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 1991

Levels of fumonisins B1 and B2 in feeds associated with confirmed cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia

Pieter G. Thiel; Gordon S. Shephard; Eric W. Sydenham; W. F. O. Marasas; Paul E. Nelson; Terrance M. Wilson


Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 1993

Toxicity of Fusarium proliferatum-fermented nixtamalized corn-based diets fed to rats: Effect of nutritional status

Suzanne Hendrich; Kathrine A. Miller; Terrance M. Wilson; Patricia A. Murphy

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L. G. Rice

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

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Paul E. Nelson

Pennsylvania State University

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P. Frank Ross

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

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W. F. O. Marasas

South African Medical Research Council

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D. L. Owens

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

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H. A. Nelson

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

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Hillman A. Nelson

Pennsylvania State University

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P. F. Ross

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

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