Tertuliano Aires Neto

Infecção hospitalar em pacientes cirúrgicos de hospital universitário

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores intercorrentes e a incidencia da infeccao em pacientes operados no Hospital Universitario da UFRN. METODOS: Foram estudados, atraves de protocolo previamente estabelecido, 3.120 pacientes internados que se submeteram a procedimentos cirurgicos no periodo de janeiro de 1999 a outubro de 2002. RESULTADOS: O indice de infeccao hospitalar foi de 5,9%, e a topografia de maior incidencia foi a ferida operatoria (3,7%). Infeccao respiratoria ocorreu em 1,2%, urinaria em 0,6% e bacteremia em 0,1%. O indice de infeccao comunitaria foi de 9,2%, predominando infeccao urinaria (5%) e respiratoria (2,1%). Quanto ao grau de contaminacao das feridas operatorias, as feridas limpas (1479) apresentaram infeccao em 2,9%, as feridas limpas-contaminadas (1277) em 6,0% dos casos, as feridas contaminadas (270) em 15,1%, e as ferida infectadas (94) resultaram em infeccao em 30,75% dos casos. CONCLUSAO: Concluiu-se que a incidencia de infeccao cirurgica foi compativel com os indices na literatura mundial. A partir desses dados, ratifica-se a importância de medidas de controle de infeccao hospitalar de forma sistematica, como vem sendo realizado no hospital onde o estudo foi realizado.

Total gastrectomy with substitution of stomach by jejunal pouch with and without duodenal passage: study in rats

PURPOSE A comparison was done between the F. Paulino jejunal pouch (FP) and a jejunal pouch (JP) as esophagus-duodenum interpositional graft, for replacing the stomach after total gastrectomy. It was investigated the effect of the two procedures on esophagus histology, nutritional state and serum gastrin in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats weighing 282 +/- 17g were randomly submitted to sham operation (S), FP and JP after total gastrectomy. After eight weeks the rats were killed with overdose of anesthetic and tissue was taken from the distal esophagus for histology. Serum levels of total proteins, albumin, iron, transferring, folate, cobalamine, calcium, as well as serum gastrin were determined. Survival was considered. RESULTS Fourty six rats were operated and thirty survived for eight weeks. Five (33.3%) died after FP and 11 (52.3%) after JP (p < 0.05). Postoperative esophagitis occurred in 6 JP rats. At 8th week, no difference was observed on body weight when compared FP and JP rats (p > 0.05). The JP rats had a significant decrease in serum albumin, glucose, transferrin, iron, folate and calcium, compared to sham (p < 0.05). Serum gastrin, iron and calcium were significantly higher in JP rats than in FP rats (p < 0.05). In FP rats, transferrin and cobalamine showed significant decrease comparing the preoperative with 8th week levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION F. Paulino pouch in rats had lower mortality than JP, and esophagitis was not detected in it. JP rats had serum gastrin, iron and calcium unaffected, possibly because of preservation of duodenal passage.

Efeitos das vitaminas A e C em anastomoses intestinais de ratos tratados com corticosteróide

OBJETIVE: There is a need to clearly define the affect of A and C vitamines in the healing of intestinal anastomosis on individuals under corticosteroid treatment, and this is the objetive of this study. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats weighing 247± 22g were randomly separated in five groups. They were observated in individual cages with water and standard food ad libitum. The anesthesia was done with sodium pentobarbital 20 mg/Kg, intraperitoneal. During seven days preoperative and seven days after surgery, the groups were submmited to the protocol: I-control; II-metilprednisolone IM; III- metilprednisolone + vitamine A; IV- metilprednisolone + vitamine C; V- metilprednisolone + Vit. A + Vit. C. An enterectomy (1cm) and anastomosis was done, using nylon 6-0. In the seventh postoperative day, the tensil strength of the anastomosis was measured and a representative sample of the healing tissue was fixed in formaline 10% to histopatologic study under hematoxilin-eosine Masson tricromic process. The data were analised by the t Student test, considering significance 0,05. RESULTS: The bursting pressure of anastomosis of the group I (control) had no difference when compared with V group (Vitamine A and C) ( p>0,05). The difference was statisticaly significant when the I and V groups were compared with the II, III and IV groups (p 0,05). The control group (I) had histopatologic score 142± 17, significantly shorter than group II - metilprednisolene - (95± 22). The difference was not significant when compared the control and the V group (Vitamin A and C), with the score (153± 15). CONCLUSION: the vitamin A and C, when used toghether, contributes to revert the deleterious effects of corticosteroid in the healing of intestinal anastomosis in rats.

O fator de crescimento de fibroblasto básico melhora a cicatrização de anastomoses duodenais em ratos

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of histopatological alterations, and pressure resistence in duodenal anastomosis treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-b). METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were submited to a transversal duodenal section and subsequent anastomosis. They were randomly separated into four groups of five rats each: A1 and A2 (experimentals), in which FCFb was applied over the anastomosis; in B1 and B2 (controls), saline was use at the anastomosis site. The rodents were killed with an anesthetics overdosis, according to the following protocol: A1, B1 on 5th postoperative day and A2, B2 on the 7th one. A pressure resistence test of the anastomosis was done. The digitalized system Image ProPlus was used in order to analyse the mean density of the histopatological elements of healing duodenal tissues. RESULTS: All the rats survived without complications. In the group A1 the intraluminal pressure was 52± 14,4 mmHg and in group A2 it was 140± 34,8 mmHg. In the group B1 the pressure reached 33,6± 15,2 mmHg and in B2 it reached 105± 30,3. In group A1 the mean density of histopatological elements was 93± 9,3 and in A2 it was 181,8± 27,6. In the control groups B1 and B2 the mean densitys were 67,6± 16,7 and 101± 12,9 respectively. The statistical analysis detected a significant difference between the data of the experimental and control groups (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: the topical use of FGFb was able to enhance the resistence of duodenal anastomosis in rats observed and evaluated after five and seven postoperative days. The FCFb enhanced the neovascularization and the mean density of collagen, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in the healing tissues.

Octreotida no tratamento de fístulas entéricas de ratos

Presently, approved medicines do not exist to treat enterocutaneous fistulas. Somatostatin and its synthetic analogue octreotide are the more widely used with this purpose. However, the evidence supporting its use is still insufficient. Objective: The therapeutic effects of octreotide was investigated in an experimental model of enterocutaneous fistula. Methods: In twenty male Wistar rats weighing 210±17g a jejunocutaneous fistula was surgically done. After that, the animals had been randomly divided into three groups. In the group A (n=10) octreotide was administered once a day (4 m g/kg/body wt/s.c) while in the group B (n=10) the rats were injected with saline solution in similar amount to the used to dilute octreotide. The group C (n=10) had no fistula. The rodents had been inspected regarding the daily volume of the fistula output, the necessary time for its spontaneous healing, clinical and biochemical evaluation, RBC count, and nutritional state. Results: There was a fourfold faster spontaneous fistula healing in the rats treated with octreotide and they had not had significant clinical, biochemical, hematologic, or body weight reduction during the experiment. On the other hand, in the group B there was a sixty percent of body weight loss, with forty percent of the rats showing cachexia. Other important findings in this group was marked anemia, hypoglobulinemia, and profound hypoalbuminemia. Conclusion: The octreotide is better then placebo and they allow to say that, according to the strict conditions of the experiment, the drug was effective in the healing of uncomplicated enterocutaneous fistulas in rats.

Efeitos do fator de crescimento de fibroblasto básico (FCFbeta) na cicatrização de anastomoses do esôfago

BACKGROUND: Growth factors are substances that modulates tissue healing. Fibroblast growth factor is produced by platelets, macrofages and fibroblasts itself, stimulates cellular proliferation, collagen production and other elements of the cellular matrix, enhancing the healing proccess, even under adverse conditions. In order to study the influence of the basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FCF-b) on the healing of esophageal anastomosis, an experimental model was produced to measure the anastomosis strenght, the amount of collagen and granulation tissue. METHODS: Twenty adult Wistar rats weighing 275±17g, were randomly allocated into two groups of ten each: Group A and B, were submitted to esophageal transection and anastomosis through a laparotomy approach. The anastomosis suture line of the group A was treated with a topical solution containing 10ng of FCF-b, whereas the control group (B) was treated with saline. Animals were killed on the 7th postoperative day, and the esophageal specimen removed to evaluate the anastomosis strenght, the input of inflamatory cells, and the amount of angiogenesis and collagen layered at the suture line. A digital system was used to process the histologic study. RESULTS: Group A showed greater amounts of inflamatory cells, angiogenesis and collagen density, as compared with the control group B. The quantitative mean density of the hystological data reached 9095.51±1284.5 in Group A and 7162.40±1273.19 in group B (p=0.013). The anastomosis suture line resistance to blowout was 210±18.88 mmHg in group A and 157±29.55 mmHg in group B (p=0.0024). CONCLUSION: This experimental model in rats confirms that FCF-b, when applied topically, enhances healing of esofageal anastomosis.

Repercussões do tempo operatório em pulmões de ratos idosos

The duration of the operations can represent an important factor for a series of postoperative complications, especially in the aged. OBJECTIVE: study the repercussion in the lungs, of operations of different duration. METHODS: Twenty aged rats (18 months old) and 20 young (3 months old) were randomly separated in groups A and B respectively. The groups were divided in A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3 and B4, with five rats each. The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital (20mg/Kg) intraperitoneal. In the group A1 and B1 a 30 minutes operation was done, in the groups A2 and B2 60 minutes, in the A3 and B3 the operation was done in 120 minutes and in the A4 and B4 control groups the animals were not operated. The procedure consisted of laparotomy that was opened and closed so many times as necessary to reach the operative times. After the 5th postoperative day the animals were killed with anesthetics overdosis and biopsies of both lungs were performed. The biopsies were processed and colored by HE. The histologic findings were transformed in scores for each group. RESULTS: the following results were seen: The groups of the young rats had the scores: A1= score 6, A2=11; A3=28; A4=5. Old rats had the following scores: B1=12; B2=34; B3=51 e B4=6. The statistical analysis revealed significant difference among the scores of the groups A and B. CONCLUSION: the prolonged time of surgery in rats contributes to significant histopatologic alterations in the lungs. As larger the operative time, larger and more frequent the pulmonary complications.

Lesões pulmonares provocadas pela nicotina por via subcutânea em ratos

ABSTRACT: Objective : The aims of this study were to determine and quantify the influence ofnicotine, applied subcutaneously, in the lungs of rats. Methods : Twenty Wistar rats weighing235–35g were randomly separated in two groups. The group I (n=10) received nicotine ( 2 mg/Kgbody mass/day) during 20 days and the group II (n=10) received placebo subcutaneously. Results :The results illustrate that in the group I resulted bronchopneumonia in 3 (30%) rats, alveolarleucocitosis in 10 (100%), septal leucocitosis in 7 (70%) and atelectasia was found in 2 (20%).Transformed in scores, the data totalized 52 points. The scores of the lesions observed in the lungsof group II rats reached 11 points (p <0,05). Conclusion : These findings indicate and concludethat the use of nicotine subcutaneously can be implicated in significant lung lesions in rats, whencompared with controls. KEY WORDS: Nicotine. Subcutaneous use. Lungs.CorrespondŒncia:Aldo da Cunha MedeirosAv. Miguel Alcides Araœjo 188959078-270 Natal, RN.