Tetsuro Fujii

4K SHD Real-Time Video Streaming System With JPEG 2000 Parallel Codec

This paper describes a 4K SHD (super high definition) real-time video streaming system that can encode (JPEG 2000), transmit and display live images at up to 4096 times 2160 pixel resolution and 36-bit color. The total bit rate of a 4K SHD video to be shown at 30 frames per second in 4:4:4 format is 9.5 Gbps. A JPEG 2000 parallel codec reduces this to 200-400 Mbps and allows live image distribution via common 1 Gbps links with the highest image quality and minimal delay. This system makes it feasible to implement networked professional audio/video applications over long-distance IP networks even at SHD quality

Association between the location of diverticular disease and the irritable bowel syndrome: a multicenter study in Japan.

OBJECTIVES:No previous reports have shown an association between location of diverticular disease (DD) and the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).METHODS:We included 1,009 consecutive patients undergoing total colonoscopy in seven centers in Japan from June 2013 to September 2013. IBS was diagnosed using Rome III criteria, and diverticulosis was diagnosed by colonoscopy with transparent soft-short-hood. Left-sided colon was defined as sigmoid colon, descending colon, and rectum. Right-sided colon was defined as cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon. We divided the patients into IBS and non-IBS groups and compared characteristics.RESULTS:Patient characteristics included mean age, 64.2±12.9 years and male:female ratio, 1.62:1. Right-sided DD was identified in 21.6% of subjects. Left-sided and bilateral DD was identified in 6.6 and 12.0% of subjects, respectively. IBS was observed in 7.5% of subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed left-sided DD (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–7.1; P=0.0060) and bilateral DD (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.2; P=0.0070) were independent risk factors for IBS. Right-sided DD was not a risk factor for IBS.CONCLUSIONS:Our data showed that the presence of left-sided and bilateral DD, but not right-sided disease, was associated with a higher risk of IBS, indicating that differences in pathological factors caused by the location of the DD are important in the development of IBS. Clarifying the specific changes associated with left-sided DD could provide a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of IBS (Trial registration # R000012739).

SHD movie distribution system using image container with 4096/spl times/2160 pixel resolution and 36 bit color

The super-high-definition (SHD) movie distribution system described in this paper can transmit and display exceptionally high quality movies using an image container with 4096/spl times/2160 pixel resolution and 36-bit color. The total bit rate of an SHD movie to be shown at 24 frames per second is 7.6 Gbps, and should be compressed by 15:1 for transmission via Gigabit IP networks. The system is based on JPEG2000 coding technology. Coded streams of 500 Mbps can be continuously transmitted from the server to the real-time decoder, from which decompressed SHD movies are projected onto a screen.

SHD digital cinema distribution over a long distance network of Internet2

We have developed a prototype SHD (Super High Definition) digital cinema distribution system that can store, transmit and display eight-million-pixel motion pictures that have the image quality of a 35-mm film movie. The system contains a video server, a real-time decoder, and a D-ILA projector. Using a gigabit Ethernet link and TCP/IP, the server transmits JPEG2000 compressed motion picture data streams to the decoder at transmission speeds as high as 300 Mbps. The received data streams are decompressed by the decoder, and then projected onto a screen via the projector. With this system, digital cinema contents can be distributed over a wide-area optical gigabit IP network. However, when digital cinema contents are delivered over long distances by using a gigabit IP network and TCP, the round-trip time increases and network throughput either stops rising or diminishes. In a long-distance SHD digital cinema transmission experiment performed on the Internet2 network in October 2002, we adopted enlargement of the TCP window, multiple TCP connections, and shaping function to control the data transmission quantity. As a result, we succeeded in transmitting the SHD digital cinema content data at about 300 Mbps between Chicago and Los Angeles, a distance of more than 3000 km.

Optimal Bit Allocation for Wavelet-Based Distributed Video Coding

Distributed video coding (DVC), based on the theorems proposed by Slepian-Wolf and Wyner-Ziv, is attracting attention as a new paradigm for video compression. Some of the DVC systems use intra-frame compression based on DCT. Correspondingly, we proposed a wavelet-based DVC system that utilizes the current JPEG 2000 standard. The scheme has scalability with regard to resolution and quality. However, related works does not offer that optimal bit allocation method for each sub-band coefficients. In this report, we propose a bit allocation method for a wavelet-based DVC scheme. Tests confirm that the PSNR is increased about 1-2[dB] by propose method

Digital cinema system using JPEG2000 movie of 8 million pixel resolution

We have developed a prototype digital cinema system that can store, transmit and display extra high quality movies of 8-million pixel resolution, using JPEG2000 coding algorithm. The image quality is 4 times better than HDTV in resolution, and enables us to replace conventional films with digital cinema archives. Using wide-area optical gigabit IP networks, cinema contents are distributed and played back as a video-on-demand (VoD) system. The system consists of three main devices, a video server, a real-time JPEG2000 decoder, and a large-venue LCD projector. All digital movie data are compressed by JPEG2000 and stored in advance. The coded streams of 300~500 Mbps can be continuously transmitted from the PC server using TCP/IP. The decoder can perform the real-time decompression at 24/48 frames per second, using 120 parallel JPEG2000 processing elements. The received streams are expanded into 4.5Gbps raw video signals. The prototype LCD projector uses 3 pieces of 3840×2048 pixel reflective LCD panels (D-ILA) to show RGB 30-bit color movies fed by the decoder. The brightness exceeds 3000 ANSI lumens for a 300-inch screen. The refresh rate is chosen to 96Hz to thoroughly eliminate flickers, while preserving compatibility to cinema movies of 24 frames per second.

A study on source coding of super definition images with vector quantization

A vector quantization scheme specifically designed for super high definition images is proposed. This coding scheme is organized in two phases. In the first phase, multistage vector quantization takes place in the subband domain. In the second phase, threshold block selective vector quantization is done to reduce the visible blockiness distortion. The input image has a resolution of 2048 by 2048 pixels and its first divided into four bands and decimated using vertical and horizontal filtering. In each band, the decimated image signal is quantized using multistage vector quantization. In each vector quantization stage, either a self-learning address dictionary method or a threshold block selective method is utilized. High quality and definition decoded images are obtained through this method. Its quality is examined using a super high definition image display system.<<ETX>>

A High Speed Video/Audio Stream Splitter for 4K Digital-Cinema

This paper develops the requirements of a high speed video stream splitting device and introduces a suitable architecture. The device can generate ten streams from a 500 Mbps 4K-digital-cinema stream without any loss. 1,000 receiving clients can be supported by connecting the devices in a multistage manner. It will be a key device in achieving a digital-cinema-based theater network and creating a new cinema distribution environment. The prototype of the device is implemented and the basic performance is evaluated by experiments. The evaluation results clearly show that the device satisfies the requirements

A study on non-octave scalable coding with filter bank and its performance evaluation using EBCOT

JPEG2000, an international standard for still image compression, has various features, such as high coding performance, unified lossless/lossy compression, resolution scalability and SNR scalability. Resolution scalability is an especially promising feature. Unfortunately, the current implementation of resolution scalability is restricted to powers of two. We propose non-octave scalable coding. Two types of non-octave scalable coding are implemented. One is based on a DCT filter bank and the other uses a wavelet transform. The latter model is compatible with JPEG2000, part 2. By using the proposed algorithm, images of various resolutions can be decoded from a compressed bit stream. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A study on non-octave resolution conversion based on JPEG2000 extensions

The features of JPEG2000, an international standard for still image compression, include (1) high coding performance, (2) unified lossless/lossy compression, (3) resolution and SNR scalability. Resolution scalability is an especially promising feature given the popularity of super high definition (SHD) images like digital-cinema. Unfortunately, its current implementation of resolution scalability is restricted to powers of two. We introduce a non-octave resolution conversion method that is compatible with JPEG2000 part2. By using the proposed algorithm, images of various resolutions can be decoded from a compressed JPEG2000 part2 code stream. Experimental results from digital-cinema test sequences show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.