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World Journal of Surgery | 1985

Successful treatment of profound left ventricular failure by automatic left ventricular assist system.

Hisateru Takano; Yoshiyuki Taenaka; Takeshi Nakatani; Tetsuzo Akutsu; Hisao Manabe

We have developed an automatic left ventricular assist device (LVAD) system which can maintain the normal circulation irrespective of severity of the LV failure (LVF) and can restore the failing heart by decreasing the bypass flow (BF) through the LVAD as the heart recovers. The main parts of our control-drive unit are an automatic ECG synchronization system and an automatic level control system for left atrial pressure (LAP) and total flow (TF). Profound LVF was induced by complete interception of blood supply (myocardial infarction: MI) to the extent of 50% (5 goats), 70–80% (6 goats), and 80–90% (3 goats) of the LV free wall. The air-driven, diaphragm-type pump was implanted between the left atrium and aorta. At the beginning of LVAD pumping, BF tended to be high to keep LAP at the preset level (0–5 mm Hg) and to maintain TF at a somewhat higher level (100–130 ml/kg per min). During the recovering stage from LVF, the preset level of LAP was gradually raised. When cardiac output exceeded 90–100 ml/kg per min, LVAD was removed. The 50% MI group recovered between 17 hr and 3 days, the 70–80% MI group between 6 and 16 days after the onset of LVAD pumping. However, the 80–90% MI group could not recover because of intractable ventricular fibrillation. This LVAD system was applied in 1 patient who fell into postcardiotomy profound LVF. The patients entire circulation was maintained at normal levels by the LVAD during a 14-day period. The failed heart gradually recovered and the pump was successfully removed. We believe that the decompression of LV at the beginning will prevent overextension of impaired myocardium and simultaneously accelerate the solid scar formation. Gradual increase of LV work will promote the compensation ability of the residual myocardium.RésuméNous avons développé un système dassistance automatique du ventricule gauche qui mis en parallèle avec le coeur gauche, permet de maintenir une circulation normale quelle que soit la sévérité de la défaillance ventriculaire et qui peut participer à la restauration de la fonction ventriculaire en diminuant progressivement le débit du système tandis que le coeur récupère. Le contrôle du système dassistance sopère par synchronisation automatique avec lélectocardiogramme et contrôle automatique de la pression auriculaire gauche et du débit total. Une défaillance ventriculaire gauche sévère a été obtenue par interruption complète du flux sanguin (infarctus du myocarde: IM) de 50% (5 chèvres), 70–80% (6 chèvres) et 80–90% (3 chèvres) de la paroi libre du ventricule gauche. Une pompe du type diaphragme mobilisé par lair a été implantée entre loreillette gauche et laorte. Au début de lassistance, le débit qui shunte par le système fut élevé pour maintenir le débit total à un niveau quelque peu supérieur (100–130 ml/min/kg). Pendant la phase de récupération de la défaillance ventriculaire gauche, le niveau de pression auriculaire gauche a été graduellement augmenté. Quand le débit cardiaque a dépassé 90–100 ml/min/kg, lassistance a été interrompue. Le groupe IM 50% a récupéré entre 17 heures et 3 hours et le groupe IM 70–80% entre 6 et 16 jours après le début de lassistance alors que le groupe 80–90% IM na pu récupérer en raison dune fibrillation ventriculaire incontrôlable.Ce système a été utilisé chez un patient en état de bas débit cardiaque postopératoire sévère. La circulation du patient a été maintenue à un niveau normal pendant 14 jours. Le coeur défaillant a récupéré progressivement et le système dassistance a pu être interrompu avec succès.Nous pensons que le soulagement du travail du ventricule gauche à la phase initiale de sa défaillance prévient lextension de la dysfonction myocardique et simultanément accélère le processus de cicatrisation. Une augmentation progressive du travail du ventricule gauche favorise la mise en jeu de mécanismes de compensation au niveau du myocarde restant.ResumenHemos desarrollado un sistema automático de asistencia mecánica del ventrículo izquierdo (AMVI) capaz de mantener la circulación con independencia de la gravedad de la falla ventricular izquierda (FVI) y de recuperar al corazón en falla mediante una disminución del flujo de la circulación extracorpórea (FCE) a través del AMVI en la medida que el corazón se recupera. Los componentes principales de nuestra unidad están constituídos por un sistema automático de sincronización de ECG y un control automático del nivel de la presión en la aurícula izquierda (PAI) y del flujo total (FT). Se indujo FVI profunda mediante interceptación de la irrigación sanguínea (infarto miocárdico: IM) del orden del 50% (5 cabras), 70–80% (6 cabras) y 80–90% (3 cabras) sobre la pared libre del ventrículo izquierdo. La bomba, que es del tipo de diafragma accionado por aire, fué implantada entre la aurícula izquierda y la aorta. Al comienzo del bombeo por el AMVI, el FCE mostró tendencia a mantenerse elevado para mantener la PAI en el nivel prefijado (0–5 mm Hg) y para mantener el FT a un nivel algo más alto (100–130 ml/kg/min). Durante la fase de recuperación de la FVI, el nivel prefijado de PAI fué gradualmente incrementado. El AMVI fué retirado una vez que el gasto cardíaco excedió los 90–100 ml/kg/min. El grupo con IM de 50% se recuperó en el curso de 17 horas a tres días, y el de 70–80% entre 6 y 16 días después del inicio del bombeo por el AMVI. Sinembargo, el grupo con IM de 80–90% no logró recuperarse debido a fibrilación ventricular intratable. Este sistema de AMVI fué aplicado a un paciente que sufrió profunda FVI postcardiotomía. La totalidad de la circulación del paciente fué mantenida normalmente por el sistema de AMVI por un período de 14 días. El corazón en falla se recuperó gradualmente y la bomba pudo ser exitosamente retirada. Nosotros creemos que la descompresión inicial del ventrículo izquierdo puede prevenir la sobreextensión del miocardio afectado y simultáneamente acelerar una formación cicatricial sólida, y que el aumento gradual del trabajo del ventrículo izquierdo promueve la capacidad compensatoria del miocardio residual.


IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering | 1975

Effects of Unphysiological Factors on Cardiac Output Regulation During Artificial Heart Pumping

Akira Kamiya; Tatsuo Togawa; Toshio Kobayashi; W.Harry Gibson; Tetsuzo Akutsu

Several Factors affecting artificial heart output were studied employing two mathematical models of prosthetic hearts, i.e., sac and diaphragm heart models. The stroke volume sensitivity to changes in venous pressure was analyzed by numerical computations. Increased inflow valve resistance, increased pump vacuum pressure, decreased elasticity of the ventricular sac or diaphragm and decreased size of the ventricle were shown to depress artificial heart function. In total prosthetic heart replacement experiments in calves, the resistance at the junction of the right heart to the natural atrium was measured by varying the pump vacuum pressure. When the vacuum pressure exceeded ¿20 mmHg, the orifice resistance to flow increased approximately 4 times. Optimizing the above factors, a prosthetic heart should be designed that provides sufficient flow with a pump vacuum pressure not greater than ¿20 mmHg.


Archive | 1981

Plastic Materials Used for Fabrication of Blood Pumps

Tetsuzo Akutsu; Noboru Yamamoto; Miguel A. Serrato; John Denning; Michael A. Drummond

The various primary plastic materials which have been used for the fabrication of blood pumps since 1957 number less than fifteen. The surface property of these materials can be divided into three general categories: 1) smooth, nonpermeable, 2) porous or rough, and 3) biolized. Among the various factors to be considered for candidate materials, the two most important are mechanical durability and blood compatibility, particularly antithrombogenicity. This paper will present an historical review of plastic materials used for the fabrication of blood pumps, with the emphasis on antithrombogenicity not only in relation to the material itself, but also with respect to its design and fabrication.


Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition | 1984

Circulation control of experimental and clinical profound left ventricular failures by automatic left ventricular assist system.

Hisateru Takano; Yoshiyuki Taenaka; Takeshi Nakatani; Tetsuzo Akutsu; Tsuyoshi Fujita; Hisao Manabe


Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition | 1976

MEAN SYSTEMIC PRESSURE AND MEAN PULMONARY PRESSURE : THEIR EFFECTS ON THE TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART

Kito Y; W.Harry Gibson; Takehiko Honda; Tetsuzo Akutsu


Journal of clinical engineering | 1979

Quantifying Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output in Total Artificial Hearts

Ashok K. Vakamudi; Tadayoshi Hongo; Katsuhiko Kaku; Tetsuzo Akutsu; Vijayvardhan Elchuri; Ned H.C. Hwang


Cardiovascular diseases | 1975

CIRCULATORY PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS IN TWO LONG-SURVIVING CALVES WITH TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEARTS.

Honda T; Kito Y; Gibson Wh; Cockrell Jv; Tetsuzo Akutsu


Journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs and Tissues | 1989

Cardiac dynamics during left ventricular assist - Bulk and regional recovery process of the left ventricle from the left veontricular failure.:-Bulk and regional recovery process of the left ventricle from the left ventricular failure-

Takao Nakamura; Kozaburo Hayashi; J. Seki; T. Nakatani; Yoshiyuki Taenaka; H. Noda; M. Kinoshita; Hisateru Takano; Tetsuzo Akutsu


Journal of Life Support Engineering | 1988

Hydrodynamic characteristics of the tilting disk valves, including newly-developed EMIKS valve.

Shoichi Komasaka; Mitsuo Umezu; Kiichi Tsuchiya; Tetsuzo Akutsu


Japanese Circulation Journal-english Edition | 1985

EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES IN TREATMENT OF PROFOUND LEFT AND BIVENTRICULAR FAILURE USING VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE : Surgery, Platelet and Thrombosis : FREE COMMUNICATIONS (III) : PROCEEDINGS OF THE 49th ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY

Takeshi Nakatani; Hisateru Takano; Seiji Adachi; Hiroyuki Noda; Sachito Fukuda; Shintaro Beppu; Chikao Yutani; Kuniyoshi Ohara; Tsuyoshi Fujita; Tetsuzo Akutsu; Hisao Manabe

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Kozaburo Hayashi

National Institutes of Health

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