Theodor Nasemann

Cutaneous Osteomas: A Clinical and Histopathologic Review

SummaryIn 20000 consecutive skin biopsies we found 35 cutaneous osteomas. Ten were primary while 25 appeared secondary to another abnormality. Associated with ossification were Malherbes calcifying epithelioma, basal cell carcinoma, nevus cell nevus, appendageal and fibrous proliferations, inflammation, trauma, and calcification. Cutaneous bone formation appears to be either a hamartomatous or metaplastic phenomenon.ZusammenfassungUnter 20000 nicht ausgewählten Haut-Biopsien fanden wir 35 cutane Osteome. 10 Fälle zeigten ein primäres Osteom, während 25 sekundär mit anderen Abnormalitäten auftraten. Mit diesen Ossifikationen waren das Epithelioma calcificans Malherbe, Basaliome, Naevuszellnaevi, Proliferationen an Hautadnexen oder des Bindegewebes, Entzündungen, Traumen und Calcifikationen vergesellschaftet. Cutane Knochenformationen traten entweder als Hamartome oder metaplastische Phänomene auf.

Fundamentals of dermatology

1 The Skin.- 2 Dermatologic Diagnosis.- 3 Viral Infections.- 4 Bacterial Infections.- 5 Fungal Infections.- 6 Granulomatous Infections and Other Granulomas.- 7 Epizoonoses.- 8 Tropical Dermatology.- 9 Venereal Diseases.- 10 Cutaneous Allergy.- 11 Atopic Dermatitis and Other Dermatitides.- 12 Connective Tissue Disorders.- 13 Disorders of Keratinization.- 14 Seborrheic Dermatitis and Acne.- 15 Papulosquamous Dermatoses.- 16 Bullous Dermatoses.- 17 Physical Dermatoses.- 18 Disorders of Pigmentation.- 19 Diseases of Hair, Nails, and Oral Mucosa.- 20 Benign Proliferations.- 21 Malignant Tumors.- 22 Vascular Diseases.- 23 Dermatology and Internal Disease.- 24 Cutaneous Surgery.- 25 Dermatologic Therapy.- Appendix I. Formulary.- Appendix II. Glossary.- Appendix III. Abbreviations.- Plates.

Licht- und elektronenoptische untersuchungen zur pathogenese des Kaposi-Sarkoms

In Kaposis sarcoma (K.S.) the regular metabolism between endothelial cell, extracellular matrix and fibrocyte is disturbed. Thereby the composition of the extracellular matrix change and via a feed-back to the CNS and hormonal system in return changes of endothelial cells and fibrocytes appear. Processing of misinformation sum up in transformation of fibrocytes to tumor cells and destruction of endothelial cells. Initial a widening of the interendothelial borders of the capillary bed seem to be of great importance for the pathogenesis of K.S., because for long time spaces lymphedemas preceed the tumor. With this immunoreactions occur which probably are accompanied by autoimmuno-processesSummaryIn Kaposis sarcoma (K.S.) the regular metabolism between endothelial cell, extracellular matrix and fibrocyte is disturbed. Thereby the composition of the extracellular matrix change and via a feed-back to the CNS and hormonal system in return changes of endothelial cells and fibrocytes appear. Processing of misinformation sum up in transformation of fibrocytes to tumor cells and destruction of endothelial cells. Initial a widening of the interendothelial borders of the capillary bed seem to be of great importance for the pathogenesis of K.S., because for long time spaces lymphedemas preceed the tumor. With this immunoreactions occur which probably are accompanied by autoimmunoprocesses.ZusammenfassungDer regelhafte Metabolismus zwischen Endothelzelle, Grundsubstanz und Fibrocyt ist beim K.S. gestört. Dies führt zu Veränderungen der Grundsubstanz und damit in Rückkopplung zum Zentralnervensystem und Endokrinium wiederum zu Veränderungen an Endothel- und Bindegewebszellen. Das Aufschaukeln von Fehlinformationen gipfelt in Transformationen von Fibrocyten zu Tumorzellen und dem Untergang der Endothelzellen. Initial scheint dabei im Bereich der Endstrombahnen die Eröffnung von Endothelzellgrenzen große Bedeutung für die Tumorentwicklung zu haben, da dem K.S. über längere Zeiträume Lymphödeme vorausgehen. Neben den damit auftretenden Immunreaktionen könnte eine Beteiligung von Autoimmunprozessen wahrscheinlich sein.

Disorders of Pigmentation

Skin color can be categorized according to whether it is hypopigmented (lighter than normal skin) or hyperpigmented (darker than normal skin). Pigmentation can be melanin- related or not melanin-related. We consider here only color changes; pigmented tumors, both benign and malignant, are considered in Chapters 20 and 21.

Ringnexusbildungen und “virus like particles”

SummaryDependent on the direction in which the specimens are sectioned annular shaped nexus of neighbouring cell membranes may be misinterpreted as “virus like particles”. It is suggested that many of the “virus like particles” described in tumor research may be annulate nexus.ZusammenfassungEs wurde gezeigt, daß abhängig von der Schnittrichtung der Präparate Ringnexusbildungen benachbarter Zellmembranen morphologisch als Virus-artige Partikel in Erscheinung treten können. Es wird vermutet, daß in der Fehldeutung von Ringnexus eine der Ursachen für die in der Tumorforschung häufig beobachteten “virus like particles” liegt.

Basic Pathologic Changes

Dermatopathologists have their own jargon. It is nowhere near as formidable as that of dermatologists, but it still serves to distract and hamper the novice. All of the basic terms are defined in the Glossary and illustrated throughout the text. We simply “preview” them here to orient the beginner, and strongly recommend Chapter 4 in Pinkus’ and Mehre- gan’s A Guide to Dermatohistopathology for more detail (p. 211).

Atopic Dermatitis and Other Dermatitides

There are several unrelated diseases which clinically present as dermatitis with redness, crusting, scaling, and weeping. Their causes are even less clear than the causes of the allergic dermatitides, discussed in the preceding chapter.

Connective Tissue Disorders

Several diseases characterized by involvement of the connective tissue lead to arthritis and the dermal changes of atrophy and sclerosis. The same diseases often have serologic evidence of circulating antibodies directed against normal cell components. For this reason they are also called autoimmune diseases.

Seborrheic Dermatitis and Acne

Sebum is the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands. If secretion is excessive, it helps make the skin oily, as in many teenagers; if the proper amount is secreted, it simply keeps the skin lubricated. Fig. 14-1 shows the normal physiology of sebum production, and Fig. 14-2 shows how certain external factors may influence it. Actually, sebum provides only part of the surface lipids, as Fig. 14-3 illustrates.

Granulomatous Infections and Other Granulomas

Many skin diseases show granuloma formation with epithelioid and giant cells (Fig. 6-1). Although tuberculosis is the prototype of such inflammation, many seemingly unrelated diseases produce a similar histologic picture (Fig. 6-2).