Thiago Matos Andrade

Chemical Diversity in Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown Germplasm

The aim of this study was to perform chemical characterization of Lippia alba accessions from the Active Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Sergipe. A randomized block experimental design with two replications was applied. The analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oils was conducted using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The chemical composition of the essential oils allowed the accessions to be allocated to the following six groups: group 1: linalool, 1,8-cineole, and caryophyllene oxide; group 2: linalool, geranial, neral, 1,8-cineol, and caryophyllene oxide; group 3: limonene, carvone, and sabinene; group 4: carvone, limonene, g-muurolene, and myrcene; group 5: neral, geranial, and caryophyllene oxide; and group 6: geranial, neral, o-cymene, limonene, and caryophyllene oxide.

Capacidade combinatória de linhagens de tomateiro em híbridos do tipo italiano

Due to the growing importance of the saladette fresh tomato market in Brazil, our objective in this paper was to assess the combining abilities of lines potentially useful as parents in hybrids of this type. The experiment comprised 28 genotypes, 18 hybrids from a partial diallel cross obtained from crossing two groups of tomato lines: Group I (9 parents) and Group II (2 parents), 8 F1 experimental hybrids, and 2 commercial checks. Traits evaluated were total yield, mean fruit weight, fruit firmness, shape and percent of soluble solids. Additive genetic effects were generally more important than non-additive effects for all traits under evaluation. The TOM-542 and TOM-734 lines, from group I, and the TOM-720 line, from group II, presented high general combining ability (CGC) estimates for most of the traits of importance for saladette tomatoes, and were therefore considered suitable parents for hybrids of this type. Greater fruit firmness of the TOM-723 line compared to the TOM-720 line (Group II), as parental lines, was mainly attributed to the presence of the nor A allele in the former, which controls greater fruit shelf life. The F1 hybrids (TOM-542 x TOM-720), (TOM-580 x TOM-720), (TOM-734 x TOM-720), and (TOM-727 x TOM-720) showed good performance and fruit quality and thus constitute possible commercial varieties.Given the growing importance of the saladette fresh tomato market in Brazil, the objective of this paper was to assess the combining abilities of lines potentially useful as parents of hybridsin this class. The experiment consisted of28 genotypes, 18 hybrids from a partial diallel crossobtained from crossing two groups of tomato lines (Group I, with 9 parents, and Group II, with 2 parents), 8 F1 experimental hybrids, and 2 commercial checks. Traits evaluated were total yield, mean fruit mass, fruit shelf life, shape and percentsoluble solids. Additive genetic effects were generally more important than non-additive effects for all traits evaluated. The TOM-542 and TOM-734 lines, from group I, and the TOM-720 line, from group II, presented high general combining ability (GCA) estimates for most of the traits of importance for saladette tomatoes, and were therefore considered suitable parents of hybrids of this class. Higher fruit shelf life of TOM-723 as a parental line compared with TOM-720 (Group II), was mainly attributed to the presence in the former of the norA allele, which controls longer fruit shelf life. F1 hybrids (TOM-542 x TOM-720), (TOM-580 x TOM-720), (TOM-734 x TOM-720), and (TOM-727 x TOM-720) showed good performance and fruit quality and thus constitute possible commercial varieties.

Interaction of the mutant genes B, og c , hp and t in the coloring of tomato fruit

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the mutant genes B, ogc, hp, and t on the fruit color of tomato genotypes. Two tomato lines (TOM-498 and TOM-499) with BB genotype composition (high β-carotene homozygous) were used in hybrid combinations with 7 tomato lines with different genotype compositions in loci ogc, hp, or t—Floradade, TOM-596, TOM-544, NC-8276, NC-2Y, Florida 7775, and Florida 7781. A randomized complete block design with 24 treatments and four replications was used. Both external and internal fruit color were assessed with a Minolta CR-400 colorimeter in the CIE L*, a* and b* mode. Hue and chroma readings were taken at four different points (epidermis, pericarp, placenta, and columella) of the fruit. For high β-carotene heterozygous hybrids B+/B, hue angle indicated an orange color (since these hybrids did not come to equal the genotypes of normal coloring, red), even when genes promoting lycopene synthesis (ogc, hp) were deployed as heterozygous genotypes. Fruit of high β-carotene heterozygous hybrids, without t, ogc, or hp, had chroma values similar to fruit of homozygous high β-carotene lines. The use of the ogc allele in heterozygosity led to higher chroma values in high β-carotene heterozygous genotypes in relation to the values found in high β-carotene heterozygous genotypes not bearing the ogc gene. The ogc homozygous lines had hue values that did not differ from those in normal genotypes in the epidermis and pericarp, but showed a significant shift towards red in the placenta and in the columella.

Distillation methods affect the chemical composition of Varronia curassavica Jacq. essential oil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oil from Varronia curassavica Jacq. obtained by microwave (MI) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction methods. The MI method tested three powers (500, 600, and 700W), three distillation times (20, 30, and 40 min.), and three water volumes (0, 25, and 50 mL per sample). The HD method tested three distillation times (100, 120, and 140 min.) and three water volumes (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 L per 3-liter flask). The essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS-FID. The optimal condition for the essential oil extraction by the MI method was 700W for 40 min. (3.28%), regardless of the volume of water. In its turn, the best condition for essential oil extraction by the HD method was 120 min. with 1.0 L of water per flask (3.34%). The most abundant compounds for MI (700 W for 40 min. without water) were shyobunol (26.53%) and bicyclogermacrene (4.96%); and the most abundant compounds for HD (120 min. with 1.0 L of water/flask) were shyobunol (24.00%) and germacrene D-4-ol (10.23%). Methyl farnesoate (2E, 6E) and farnesyl acetate (2Z, 6E) were not detected in the essential oil extracted by HD; however, they were identified by the MI method. By increasing the distillation time and/or volume of water in HD, a reduction was observed for the content of the chemical compounds -elemene (from 1.23 to 0.97%), Ecaryophyllene (from 5.49 to 4.35%), -humulene (from 1.80 to 1.43%), alloaromadendrene (from 1.78 to 1.44%), bicyclogermacrene (from 5.63 to 4.55%), and germacrene D-4-ol (from 11.40 to 9.86%). Power, extraction time, and their interactions influenced the content of essential oil obtained by microwave extraction (MI). Within each power, the highest essential oil content was extracted at the longest distillation time (40 min.), except for 600W, where no significant difference was detected between 30 and 40 min. The optimal essential oil contents for both extraction methods were statically similar by the t-test for dependent samples. However, the MI method presents advantages, such as shorter distillation time and less energy and water consumption.