Thomas Hayton

TEN-YEAR EXPERIENCE OF MODIFIED-FAT DIETS ON YOUNGER MEN WITH CORONARY HEART-DISEASE

Abstract One hundred men, 30-50 years old, with confirmed coronary-artery disease and past myocardial infarction, were placed on a 28% fat diet after weight reduction. This group was matched with a similar group not under dietary management. Over a period of 10 years there were significant reductions in serum-lipids in the diet-managed group compared with the control group. In this predominantly lipoprotein-phenotype-IV group, using a diet containing less than 9% of calories as saturated fat and less than 400 mg. exogenous cholesterol daily, the degree of unsaturation of the diet did not appear to influence either serum-lipid values or mortality-rates. After 10 years, the diet-managed group had a 17% greater survival-rate than the control group.

The 5-year experience of modified fat diets on younger men with coronary heart disease.

This is a study of 100 men, 30 to 50 years old, with documented coronary artery disease and past myocardial infarction who were placed under dietary management with a 28% fat diet. One hundred men whose diets were not managed were matched with regard to age at entry to the study, age at infarction, number of infarctions, blood pressure level, degree of angina, and serum cholesterol level among other factors. Over a period of 5 years the diet-managed group experienced and maintained a significant reduction in serum cholesterol level which the nondiet-managed group did not. Under the diet and experimental conditions employed, with saturated fat content below 9% of calories, and cholesterol intake below 400 mg per day, the degree of unsaturation of the fats in the experimental diets did not appear to influence serum cholesterol value or mortality. The serum triglyceride level was significantly lower in the diet-managed group than in the nondiet-managed group; this was presumably related to weight reduction. In the group under dietary management, fatal and nonfatal myocardial reinfarction rates were lower but were statistically significantly so only for the fatal infarction rates in men under age 45. Serum phospholipids above 220 mg/100 ml were associated with a significantly lower rate of recurrent infarction.

The effect of a polyunsaturated diet upon adipose-tissue fatty acids in young coronary males. A five-year cohort study.

The fatty acid composition in the adipose tissue of 38 electrocardiographycally confirmed coronary males, mean age 43.7 years, at ideal weight on a 30%-of-calories controlled-fat diet, containing approximately 11.4% of calories as linoleic acid, was studied. The initial linoleic acid concentration in the adipose tissue was approximately 11 mole % of total fatty acids; for approximately the first 12 months it rose slightly and then rapidly increased to about 20% after 24 months. The overall response is sigmoidal in form and fits the equation: 1/y=0.025+0.066 (0.975)x in which y represents the adipose tissue linoleate as mole percentage of total adipose tissue fatty acids and x is the time in months.The relative increase in linoleic acid is not attributable to a decrease in any specific fatty acid.

Strain differences in the hypolipemic action of dietary calcium in mature male rats

Two strains of rats, Holtzman and Wistar, were found to differ significantly in serum and fecal lipid response when fed a corn-soya diet containing 18% added cocoa butter or corn oil and 0.08% or 1.2% calcium. Interactions of strain with fat and with calcium were noted. The Holtzman rat usually had lower serum and tissue lipid levels and higher fecal lipid levels than the Wistar rat. The magnitude of the strain differences is sufficient to explain the incompatibility of results of the different investigators who have been studying lipid metabolism.

Plasma lipid and glucose levels in the adrenalectomized rat following triglyceride ingestion

Adrenalectomy did not significantly alter plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in fasted naturally hypertriglyceridemic rats. Oral administration of cottonseed oil resulted in elevations in plasma cholesterol and phospholipids within 2 hr. Adrenalectomy negated these elevations. Triglycerides rose to an equal extent in both groups at the same time. A secondary rise in plasma glucose was noted at about 7 hr in the control rats; this rise was also negated by adrenalectomy.

Selected Papers on Nutritional Studies

In a previous experiment Thomasson et al. [1465] investigated the influence on blood lipids concentration of ten dietary fats with a widely divergent fatty acid composition. Glyceryl trilaurate, olive oil (containing about 70% oleic acid) and safflower oil (containing about 70% linoleic acid) and mixtures of these fats were given as liquid formula diets (LFD) (containing 50 cal% of fat) to Trappists and Trappistines for six weeks. The experimental fats appeared to have a clear influence on free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, and phospholipid concentrations in the blood, the ratios of these three lipid classes being constant.