Thomas Parran

SHADOW ON THE LAND

We may not be able to make you love reading, but shadow on the land will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.

Syphilis from the Epidemiologist's Point of View.

THAT much is unknown about the epidemiology of syphilis is ap1 parent even to the casual student of the disease; yet syphilis seems to excite the interest of few epidemiologists here or abroad. The extension of knowledge in the epidemiology of the disease and the better application of existing knowledge are the next steps most needed in control. Although the origin of syphilis is clouded in obscurity, there is no disease around the history of which there has been raised such a storm of controversy. Because syphilis spread throughout Europe in the last years of the 15th century and the first years of the 16th, many students have concluded that it was imported by the sailors of Columbus on their return from their voyage of discovery. The disease, however, was described before 1492 in Europe and in the ancient writings of the Chinese and Japanese reference is made to a disease which undoubtedly was syphilis. The weight of evidence discredits the American origin of syphilis, although it is certain that about the end of the 15th century this disease spread rapidly over the whole of Europe. In many instances it took on the character of an ordinary communicable disease. The reason for this widespread prevalence has been discussed at length by Hirsch,1 who summarizes the evidence which leads him to conclude that syphilis existed prior to the return of Columbuss sailors from their voyage of discovery. Sudhoff2 and Garrison2 also have reached the same conclusion after exhaustive investigations.

PUBLIC HEALTH CONTROL OF SYPHILIS

Excerpt As one after another of the epidemic diseases has declined or disappeared under the impact of public health effort, it is natural that the same technics should be directed against other maj...

WARTIME PROBLEMS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

The physicians of the United States face a task of historic importance. It is a rearguard action as one considers the net saving of life and decrease in suffering. It is in the front line of attack with regard to its potentiality to strengthen the arm of the fighting forces and speed the day of final victory. One point must be made clear in the beginning: the Medical Corps of the Army and Navy have responsibility for the medical care of the personnel of the armed forces. The ratio of physicians to the strength of those forces must of necessity be larger than the ratio of physicians per thousand of the general population. The Public Health Service, working in partnership with the state health authorities, has responsibility for general health conditions of the whole remaining population— more than one hundred and twenty millions—even when the whole military and naval force

MEDICINE IN ENGLAND NOW

Excerpt Modern science has extended the area and scope of medical defense against enemy action no less than it has extended the area and scope of war operations. The whole population of Great Brita...

A diagnosis code for use in tabulating morbidity statistics

Many nations have agreed upon the International List of Causes of Death as a standard for tabulating and publishing mortality statistics. This list properly gives special attention to the diseases that are the most frequently fatal, but this very fact makes it unsatisfactory for the tabulation of diagnoses for nonfatal illnesses. However, the widespread use of the International List for tabulating deaths makes it essential that it be used as the basis of a list for tabulating morbidity statistics. Illnesses in hospital and clinic reports and morbidity surveys have thus far been tabulated according to a variety of diagnosis lists; comparison is, therefore, inconvenient if not impossible. There is a definite need for a list of diagnoses suitable for the classification and tabulation of morbidity data. Although several such lists have recently been set up, none that is linked to the last (1938) revision of the International List of Causes of Death has been accompanied by an alphabetical index of diseases to assist in coding illness diagnoses in a uniform way. Without a coding manual of this kind it is impossible for different coders to obtain uniformity in the assignment of specific diagnoses to the categories of the morbidity code. To meet the need for a uniform tabular list for morbidity statistics that was closely linked to the last revision of the International List of Causes of Death, a committee of consultants was appointed to work with the United States Public Health Service and the Vital Statistics Division of the United States Bureau of the Census in setting up such a suitable diagnosis list. The most active of the consultants and officers were:

A NEW HEALTH PROGRAM FOR NEW YORK STATE

The health program of New York State is new only in the sense that it has been newly drawn up and in that it outlines a development and integration of state and local services from a new perspective. During the past year the whole field of public health administration in the state has been the subject of intensive study by an authoritative commission appointed by Governor Roosevelt for the purpose. From this study a program of action was evolved. There is precedent for the state to apply the principle of a periodic examination to her own problems. The first great impetus to public health work in New York arose from the studies and report of a special health commission appointed by the governor in 1913 under the chairmanship of the late Dr. Hermann M. Biggs. The recommendations of the 1913 commission were promptly enacted into law and have formed the