Tiago Luis Eilers Treichel

Remoção da cartilagem articular associada ou não a implante homógeno ou enxerto autógeno de osso esponjoso em cães submetidos à artrodese atlantoaxial

The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of joint fusion and bone formation in dogs undergoing atlantoaxial arthrodesis after removal of articular cartilage associated or not to implant homogenous or autogenous cancellous bone. Twelve dogs, weighing between 8 and 12kg were randomly divided into three groups. Group I (GI) performed only the removal of joint cartilage and joint immobilization with acrylic resin and pins. Group II (GII): after removel of joint cartilage and articular immobilization was performed modeling and placement of homogenous cancellous bone at the given location. The volume of homograft placed in the joint was measured using a precision balance and all animals received the same amount. Group III (GIII): this was the same procedure as GI, however, was used autogenous cancellous bone graft at the given location. Radiographic examinations were performed on all animals at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively. At 90 days of PO was carried out euthanasia of animals for testing of manual palpation and CT evaluation and histological. Samples were kept in solution in 10% buffered formaldehyde for fixation for a minimum of 72 hours and after, decalcified in formic acid and sodium citrate for subsequent processing and included in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for light microscopy evaluation. Statistical analysis of the association between the degree of joint fusion assessed by manual palpation, the digitized radiographic images and CT scans and treatment groups, we applied the Chi-square test of independence. The test results were evaluated by the exact significance and considered statistically significant at 5% significance (P<0.05). By manual palpation test and by the CT images can be seen that there was no statistically significant difference between groups at 90 days postoperatively. Radiographic analysis of the atlantoaxial joint showed that the degree of fusion was similar among treatments, no statistical difference at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively. Regarding the histopathological study of atlantoaxial joint of dogs after 90 days postoperatively was found that bone formation in group I had 25% of each intensity (absent, mild, moderate, severe) in group II, 75% lighter and 25% sharp and in group III, 25% moderate and 75% severe. It can be concluded that the use of graft homogenous preserved in 98% glycerin in dogs undergoing atlantoaxial fusion method is a viable alternative for treatment of atlantoaxial instability. There is no difference in the degree of joint fusion and bone formation when the technique of atlantoaxial arthrodesis in dogs is associated with autogenous cancellous bone graft or implant homogenous. The removal of articular cartilage alone is an effective and shows similar results to the use of autograft or homogenous implant.

Minimally Invasive Approach to Renal Artery Using Different Types of Catheter by Conventional Radiology

Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted through the catheter followed by the Fogarty catheter. Another x-ray was taken to show the position of the catheter. It was observed whether the catheter was positioned correctly and the cuff was filled, and then another contrasting radiograph was performed. If the contrast was not going to the kidneys, the cuff of the catheter was deflated, the catheter was repositioned and a new contrast radiography was performed. For the angiographic catheters technique, it was estimated how much of the catheter needed to be introduced, and then the curvature of the catheter was directed to the left kidney, followed by placement of the guidewire. The guidewire was then removed and X-rays were taken to confirm the position as many times as necessary for the correct positioning of the catheter. After selective catheterization of the left kidney, the catheter was removed and its tip was repositioned for catheterization of the right kidney, repeating the same procedure. After the radiographic evaluation, the 6F valve introducer was removed followed by the hemostasis of the femoral artery. In five out of seven animals it was possible to place the introducer tube 6F. Angiographic catheter technique needed significantly more radiographic films compared to Fogarty catheter when both arteries were evaluated. No significant difference was observed when compared to only one renal artery. The only complication observed was hematoma in three animals. Discussion: The access of the renal artery for drug delivery and cell therapy is possible using both Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter and angiographic catheter with conventional radiology as a guide in dogs over 10 kg. However, we considered the Fogarty catheter easier to be applied, since only one procedure is needed to access both renal arteries, thus making it less expensive and faster to run. If access to only one renal artery is required, the angiographic catheter is recommended, since cell therapy would be administered more selectively in the target kidney.

HEPATECTOMIA PARCIAL POR CARCINOMA HEPATOCELULAR EM CÃO - RELATO DE CASO

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver cancer and malignant, which is not common in veterinary medicine, since the most common metastatic neoplasms. The partial hepatectomy is the treatment of choice for these cases, and laparoscopy can be used for better diagnosis, the prognosis is favorable after surgical resection. In this report, the patient had abdominal distension for clinical evaluation, hematological abnormality and the ultrasound showed a mass evident in right cranial abdomen

Marcadores fluorescentes coloidais: conceitos e aplicações

The nanocrystals are quantum dots and semiconductors in aqueous solution. They have been responsible for a large volume of research, either within the basic science and which can be applied in diverse fields such as luminescent probe, among them biotechnology. The field of these quantum dots methodologies is the first and fundamental step for future applications as biomarkers in biological systems in vitro and in vivo, due to advantages over organic fluorophores. This article aims to conduct a review of biological markers nanocrystals and their importance in biological research.