Tiejun Chun

Preparation of Chromium-iron Metal Powder from Chromium Slag by Reduction Roasting and Magnetic Separation

Chromium slag (CS) has become one of the most hazardous solid waste containing chromium and iron. Based on its characteristics, the technology of reduction roasting and magnetic separation was employed to treat CS. The major impurity element of CS is magnesium and it exists in magnesium ferrite phase, which is hard to recover iron in the absence of additives. During reduction roasting, additives (Al2O3 and CaF2) could destroy the structure of magnesium ferrite and improve the iron grade and recovery. The final product, i. e. chromium-iron powder, contains 72.54% Fe and 13.56% Cr, with the iron recovery of 80.34% and chromium recovery of 80.70%.

Alumina-Iron Separation of High Alumina Iron Ore by Carbothermic Reduction and Magnetic Separation

The carbothermic reduction of high alumina iron ore in the absence/presence of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was carried out for alumina-iron separation by wet magnetic separation. Sodium carbonate is found to be capable of improving the separation of alumina and iron, as well as increasing the particle size of metallic iron significantly. When the high alumina ore briquettes were reduced at 1050°C for 80 min, the average particle size of metallic iron was approximately 100 μm in the presence of sodium carbonate, which is bigger than the size of 50 μm in the absence of sodium carbonate. Compared with the absence of sodium carbonate, the Al2O3 content of iron concentrate decreased from 4.33% to 1.29%, while the Al2O3 removal rate increased from 43.70% to 83.37% with the addition of 9% sodium carbonate. Experimental evidence showed that Na2CO3 reacted with Al2O3 and SiO2 to form sodium silicate, aluminum silicate, and sodium aluminosilicate, and decreased the content of Fe in the slags, which improved the separation between the alumina and iron during the magnetic separation. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/lsst.

Influence of microwave heating on the microstructures of iron ore pellets with coal during reduction

Iron ore oxidised pellets as the burden of blast furnace present many advantages, such as uniform size, high iron grade and high physical strength. A comparison of the iron ore oxidised pellets with coal (out-proportioning) by conventional heating and microwave heating was carried out in this paper. Microstructure transformations during reduction process were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometry analysis. Micro-hardness of metallic iron phase formed in the reduction was tested with digital micro-hardness tester. The influences of microwave heating on reduction degree, morphology, iron phase and gangues were investigated, respectively. The results show that reduction time can be greatly shortened by microwave heating even at lower temperatures. The fine cracks generated, as the pellets were heated by microwave, were irradiated due to the selectivity of microwave heating. Densification of the metallic iron phase and the separation of the iron and gangues were both found to be enhanced by microwave heating.

Mechanism of Selective Desulphurization in Iron Ore Sintering Process by Adding Urea

Abstract Iron ore sintering is an important part during the ironmaking process, and a large amount of SO2 is also generated. Our previous research shows that it is an effective way to reduce SO2 content of flue gas by adding urea to a special sintering material zone position. In this paper, the mechanism of selective desulphurization by adding urea during the iron ore sintering was carried out. The results show that 88.14 % desulphurization rate was obtained with the addition of 0.05 % urea particles at 100 mm height from the feed bottom. During the sintering process, when drying zone reached the added position of urea, large amounts of NH3 were generated by urea decomposition, and then reacted with SO2 to produce (NH4)2SO4 in the wetting zone. With the accumulated desulphurization reactions during the sintering, the low SO2 emission in the flue gas was achieved. Moreover, the addition of urea in the bottom zone avoided the ammonia present in the sintering ore and promoted the urea utilization efficiency.

Assimilation Behavior of Calcium Ferrite and Calcium Diferrite with Sintered Al2O3 and MgO

In this study, the assimilation behaviors between calcium ferrite (CF), calcium diferrite (CF2) and sintered Al2O3, and MgO were explored by an improved sessile drop technique, and the interfacial microstructure was discussed. The results indicated that the apparent contact angles of CF slag on Al2O3 and MgO substrate were 15.7 and 5.5 deg, and the apparent contact angles of CF2 slag on Al2O3 and MgO substrate were 17.9 and 7.2 deg, respectively. Namely, CF and CF2 slag were wetting well with Al2O3 and MgO substrate. The dissolution of Al2O3 substrate into the CF and CF2 slag was found to be the driving force of the wetting process. For the CF-MgO and CF2-MgO substrate systems, CaO contrarily distributed with MgO after wetting. For the CF-MgO system, after wetting, the slag was composed of CF and C2F, and most of the Fe2O3 permeated into substrate and formed two permeating layers.

A pilot-scale study of selective desulfurization via urea addition in iron ore sintering

The iron ore sintering process is the main source of SO2 emissions in the iron and steel industry. In our previous research, we proposed a novel technology for reducing SO2 emissions in the flue gas in the iron ore sintering process by adding urea at a given distance from the sintering grate bar. In this paper, a pilot-scale experiment was carried out in a commercial sintering plant. The results showed that, compared to the SO2 concentration in flue gas without urea addition, the SO2 concentration decreased substantially from 694.2 to 108.0 mg/m3 when 0.10wt% urea was added. NH3 decomposed by urea reacted with SO2 to produce (NH4)2SO4, decreasing the SO2 concentration in the flue gas.

Preparation of metallic iron powder from copper slag by carbothermic reduction and magnetic separation

Copper slag is a solid waste that has to be treated for metals recovery. In order to recover iron from copper slag, the technology of carbothermic reduction and magnetic separation was developed. During the reduction roasting, additive CaO reacted with Fe2SiO4 of copper slag, forming CaO·SiO2 and 2CaO·SiO2, which ameliorates the separation between iron and other minerals during magnetic separation. Meanwhile, additive CaF2 improved the growth of iron grains, increasing the iron grade and iron recovery. The metallic iron powder obtained contained 90.95 wt-% TFe at 91.87 wt-% iron recovery under the optimum conditions, which can be briquetted as a burden material for steel making by electric arc furnace to replace part of scrap.

Effect of Calculation Method of CaO Addition on Liquid Phase Fluidity

To solve the problem that the sintered liquid phase fluidity characteristic of low silica (w(SiO2) 7 wt%)) iron ores were different from actual sintering production with using the common method based on w(CaO)/w(SiO2), a new improved method based on n(Fe2O3)/n(CaO) was proposed. The differences between two methods for iron ore fluidity detection were studied. The results show that when the common method is used to detect the liquid phase fluidity, as the content of SiO2 increased from 2.12 to 11.68 wt%, the amount of CaO addition augmented from 7.88 to 32.65 wt% and the corresponding fluidity index changed from 0 to 5.68. The fluidity index has a linearly positive correlation with the content of SiO2. The improved method could significantly reduce the effect of the change of CaO addition on the fluidity characteristic of iron ore which caused by the difference of SiO2.

Optimization Method for Iron Ore Blending Based on the Sintering Basic Characteristics of Blended Ore

The basic characteristics of iron ore, including assimilation, fluidity, cohesive phase strength and the ability to produce calcium ferrite, are often used to evaluate the sintering properties of iron ore and guide the optimization of iron ore blending. Six kinds of common iron ore used in a steel company in China were selected in this work. The basic characteristics of the single iron ore and blended iron ores were studied, as well as the difference between weighted averages of basic characteristic index of single iron ores and the real value of basic characteristic index of blended iron ore under different ore blending ratios. The results shew that the liquid phase liquidity, cohesive phase strength and calcium ferrite formation ability had a significant linear positive correlation with SiO2 content. The weighted average of basic characteristic index of single iron ore cannot fully reflect the actual blended iron ore properties. The optimization of the blending ratio can be achieved through the detection of the basic characteristics of the mixed iron ore, combined with the basic characteristics of iron ores.

Characteristics and Control Technology of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) in Iron Ore Sintering

Iron ore sintering is an essential process in modern iron and steel production. It has the largest emission of the PM (particulate matter) in the iron and steel industry, accounting for about 40% of the total emission. The physical and chemical properties of PM10 and PM2.5 in the iron ore sintering were introduced, and the research development of PM emission reduction was also summarized. The potential future development of PM emission reduction by chemical agglomeration and capture in the iron ore sintering process was also carried out. The interface chemistry relationships between PM and polymer, such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylamide (PAM), in agglomerates were also investigated in this paper. It is significant to reveal the characteristics of PM and develop the emission reduction technology of PM for the cleaner production of iron ore sintering.