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Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2003

Evaluation of the toxicity of concentrated barley β-glucan in a 28-day feeding study in Wistar rats

Bryan Delaney; Ting Liu Carlson; Scott Frazer; T. Zheng; Richard Hess; Karen Ostergren; K. Kierzek; J. Haworth; Nathan Edward Knutson; K. Junker; Diana Jonker

Beta-glucans are water-soluble cell-wall polysaccharides consisting of (1-->3,1-->4)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl monomers that comprise a considerable proportion of soluble fiber from certain grains including oats and barley. Consumption of foods containing beta-glucan or beta-glucan-enriched fractions prepared from these grains lower serum cholesterol concentrations in humans and in animal models of hypercholesterolemia. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of beta-glucan-enriched soluble fiber from barley in Wistar rats on dietary administration at concentrations of 0.7, 3.5 and 7% beta-glucan for 28 days. There were no adverse effects on general condition and behavior, growth, feed and water consumption, feed conversion efficiency, red blood cell and clotting potential parameters, clinical chemistry values, and organ weights. Necropsy and histopathology findings revealed no treatment-related changes in any organ evaluated. A dose-dependent increase in full and empty cecum weight was observed. This is a common physiological response of rodents to high amounts of poorly digestible, fermentable carbohydrates, and was of no toxicological concern. The only finding of possible biological relevance was an increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes observed in males. However, the increase was not dose-dependent and was not observed in females. Results of this study demonstrated that consumption of concentrated barley beta-glucan was not associated with any obvious signs of toxicity in Wistar rats even following consumption of large quantities.


Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2003

Repeated dose oral toxicological evaluation of concentrated barley β-glucan in CD-1 mice including a recovery phase

Bryan Delaney; Ting Liu Carlson; Guo-Hua Zheng; Richard Hess; Nathan Edward Knutson; Scott Frazer; Karen Ostergren; Maaike van Zijverden; L.M.J. Knippels; Diana Jonker; André Penninks

The cholesterol-lowering effect observed following consumption of oats and barley is attributable to the beta-glucan component of the soluble fiber fraction of these cereal grains. beta-Glucan has also been reported to modulate immune activity, however, few studies have evaluated the hematological effects of beta-glucan following oral exposure. In the current study, a concentrated beta-glucan (64%) preparation from barley (Barley Betafiber) was blended into mouse feed at concentrations of 1, 5, or 10% (corresponding to approximately 0.7, 3.5, and 7% beta-glucan) and evaluated in CD-1 mice. Plasma was collected for clinical chemistry and hematological measurements at the initiation of the study and again following 14 and 28 days of exposure. Plasma was also collected from animals that consumed the same diets for 28-days but were switched to control diet (containing no supplemental beta-glucan) for an additional 14-day period to evaluate reversibility or delayed occurrence of treatment-related changes. Half of the animals were sacrificed for histopathologic analysis following the 28-day exposure period and the other half were evaluated following the recovery period. Histopathologic analysis focused on primary lymphoid organs and lymph nodes proximal and distal to the route of exposure. An additional group of untreated animals (nai;ve) was bled and sacrificed at day 0, 14, 27 and 41 for comparison of the hematology parameters with those of the control group because it was not known if multiple blood draws would affect hematology parameters. Compared to animals consuming the control diet, no treatment-related adverse effects were observed in hematological or clinical chemistry measurements or in organ weights and immunopathology in either sex following consumption of concentrated barley beta-glucan for 28-days or following the recovery period. Likewise, no differences were observed between the nai;ve and control groups. Results from this study showed that consumption of concentrated barley beta-glucan did not cause treatment-related inflammatory or other adverse effects in CD-1 mice.


Archive | 2000

Production of lactate using crabtree negative organisms in varying culture conditions

Vineet Rajgarhia; Vassily Hatzimanikatis; Stacey Olson; Ting Liu Carlson; John N. Starr; Jeffrey John Kolstad; Aharon Eyal


Journal of Nutrition | 2003

β-Glucan Fractions from Barley and Oats Are Similarly Antiatherogenic in Hypercholesterolemic Syrian Golden Hamsters

Bryan Delaney; Robert J. Nicolosi; Thomas A. Wilson; Ting Liu Carlson; Scott Frazer; Guo-Hua Zheng; Richard Hess; Karen Ostergren; James Haworth; Nathan Edward Knutson


Archive | 1998

Low ph lactic acid fermentation

Ting Liu Carlson; Eugene Max Peters


Archive | 2006

Methods of making syrups

Ting Liu Carlson; Anton Woo; Guo-Hua Zheng


Archive | 2005

Low glycemic sweeteners and products made using the same

Ting Liu Carlson; Dan Mcelwee; Michael A. Remmert; Chin Hong Paul Kim; Sharon Walbert; Anton Woo


Archive | 2003

Use of low-glycemic sweeteners in food and beverage compositions

Ting Liu Carlson; Anton Woo


Archive | 2007

Methods for the synthesis of lactic acid using crabtree-negative yeast transformed with the lactate dehydrogenase gene

Vineet Minnetonka Rajgarhia; Vassily Hatzimanikatis; Stacey Olson; Ting Liu Carlson; John N. Starr; Jeffrey John Kolstad; Aharon M. Eyal


Archive | 1996

Heat-treated corn gluten meal for fungal supplementation

Ting Liu Carlson; Karen A. Thornton

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