Tingyong Feng

The influence of the diffusion of responsibility effect on outcome evaluations: Electrophysiological evidence from an ERP study

Previous studies have revealed that personal responsibility has an influence on outcome evaluation, although the way this influence works is still unclear. This study imitated the phenomenon of responsibility diffusion in a laboratory to examine the influence of the effect of responsibility diffusion on the processing of outcome evaluation using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. Participants of the study were required to perform the gambling task individually in the high-responsibility condition and with others in the low-responsibility scenario. Self-rating results showed that the participants felt more responsible for monetary loss and believed that they had more contributions to the monetary gains in the high-responsibility condition than in the low-responsibility situation. Both the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the P300 were sensitive to the responsibility level, as evidenced by the enhanced amplitudes in the high-responsibility condition for both components. Further correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between FRN amplitudes and subjective rating scores (i.e., the higher the responsibility level, the larger the FRN amplitude). The results probably indicate that the FRN and P300 reflect personal responsibility processing under the social context of diffusion of responsibility.

Feedback-related negativity effects vanished with false or monetary loss choice

Feedback-related negativity (FRN) is sensitive to both monetary loss and evaluation of the correctness of a response. This study used a gambling task that required participants to choose between two cards that were unpredictably associated with monetary gains or losses. Feedback stimuli then indicated gain or loss, and the correctness of the participants choice. Greater FRN amplitudes for loss versus gain conditions were observed when participants guessed correctly, as well as for incorrect versus correct conditions when they made gain choices. Conversely, FRN effects were absent after either false choices or those that led to losses. Therefore, FRN may reflect an interaction between guess correctness and the utilitarian value of feedback.

Attitude toward money modulates outcome processing: An ERP study

Love of money (LOM) is concerned with the attitude toward money, which can be measured by the LOM scale through affective, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions. Research has observed that monetary attitude was tightly related to reward processing and could affect economic behavior. This study examined how monetary attitude modulated risky behavior and the underlying neural mechanisms of reward processing using event-related potential (ERP) technique. We compared both the risk level and brain responses of a high-level LOM (HLOM) group to a low-level LOM (LLOM) group using a simple gambling task. The behavioral results showed that the HLOM group was more risky than the LLOM group, particularly after loss. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) was measured as the difference wave (gain-related ERP was subtracted from loss-related ERP). The FRN difference wave was larger in the HLOM group than that in the LLOM group. The P3 in the HLOM group was more positive than that in the LLOM group. These results suggest that monetary attitude can modulate both the underlying neural mechanisms and behavioral performance in a reward-related task. The HLOM participants are more sensitive to gain/loss than the LLOM participants.

The neural basis of responsibility attribution in decision-making.

Social responsibility links personal behavior with societal expectations and plays a key role in affecting an agent’s emotional state following a decision. However, the neural basis of responsibility attribution remains unclear. In two previous event-related brain potential (ERP) studies we found that personal responsibility modulated outcome evaluation in gambling tasks. Here we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to identify particular brain regions that mediate responsibility attribution. In a context involving team cooperation, participants completed a task with their teammates and on each trial received feedback about team success and individual success sequentially. We found that brain activity differed between conditions involving team success vs. team failure. Further, different brain regions were associated with reinforcement of behavior by social praise vs. monetary reward. Specifically, right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ) was associated with social pride whereas dorsal striatum and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were related to reinforcement of behaviors leading to personal gain. The present study provides evidence that the RTPJ is an important region for determining whether self-generated behaviors are deserving of praise in a social context.

Sleep deprivation affects fear memory consolidation: bi-stable amygdala connectivity with insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Abstract Sleep plays an important role for successful fear memory consolidation. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disturbances might contribute to the development and the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a disorders characterized by dysregulations in fear learning mechanisms, as well as exaggerated arousal and salience processing. Against this background, the present study examined the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on the acquisition of fear and the subsequent neural consolidation. To this end, the present study assessed fear acquisition and associated changes in fMRI-based amygdala-functional connectivity following 24 h of SD. Relative to non-sleep deprived controls, SD subjects demonstrated increased fear ratings and skin conductance responses (SCR) during fear acquisition. During fear consolidation SD inhibited increased amygdala-ventromendial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) connectivity and concomitantly increased changes in amygdala-insula connectivity. Importantly, whereas in controls fear indices during acquisition were negatively associated with amygdala-vmPFC connectivity during consolidation, fear indices were positively associated with amygdala-insula coupling following SD. Together the findings suggest that SD may interfere with vmPFC control of the amygdala and increase bottom-up arousal signaling in the amygdala-insula pathway during fear consolidation, which might mediate the negative impact of sleep disturbances on PSTD symptomatology.

Corrigendum to: Sleep deprivation affects fear memory consolidation: bi-stable amygdala connectivity with insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex

consolidation: bi-stable amygdala connectivity with insula and ventromedial prefrontal cortex Pan Feng, Benjamin Becker, Yong Zheng, and Tingyong Feng Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, and The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China

Alter spontaneous activity in amygdala and vmPFC during fear consolidation following 24 h sleep deprivation

&NA; Sleep deprivation (SD) has been associated with cognitive and emotional disruptions, however its impact on the acquisition of fear and subsequent fear memory consolidation remain unknown. To address this question, we measured human brain activity before and after fear acquisition under conditions of 24 h sleep deprivation versus normal sleep using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Additionally, we explored whether the fear acquisition‐induced change of brain activity during the fear memory consolidation window can be predicted by subjective fear ratings and autonomic fear response, assessed by skin conductance responses (SCR) during acquisition. Behaviorally, the SD group demonstrated increased subjective and autonomic fear responses compared to controls at the stage of fear acquisition. During the stage of fear consolidation, the SD group displayed decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity and concomitantly increased amygdala activity. Moreover, in the SD group fear acquisition‐induced brain activity changes in amygdala were positively correlated with both, subjective and autonomic fear indices during acquisition, whereas in controls changes vmPFC activity were positively correlated with fear indices during acquisition. Together, the present findings suggested that SD may weaken the top‐down ability of the vmPFC to regulate amygdala activity during fear memory consolidation. Moreover, subjective and objective fear at fear acquisition stage can predict the change of brain activity in amygdala in fear memory consolidation following SD. HighlightsSleep deprivation increased subjective and autonomic fear responses.Sleep deprivation increased amygdala activity.Fear response can predict the change of brain activity in amygdala following SD.

Insufficient task-outcome association promotes task procrastination through a decrease of hippocampal-striatal interaction

Theories on procrastination propose that associating tasks with higher valued incentive outcomes results in less task procrastination. However, it remains unknown how representation of incentive outcomes and task‐outcome association are mediated by the human brain. Using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we scanned human participants while they were thinking about both tasks and the incentive outcomes each task can yield in an unconstrained way. Results showed that tasks that are more likely to be procrastinated are associated with less value in incentive outcomes. Interestingly, procrastination was more likely if it was more difficult for participants to associate a task with its valued incentives when thinking about the task (i.e., the decreased task‐outcome association). On the neural level, higher value of rewarding outcomes was correlated with increased putamen activations, which further negatively predicted task procrastination. On the other hand, when participants were associating tasks with the incentive outcomes, the decreasing task‐outcome association corresponded to decreasing activation in putamen, and a decreasing hippocampus‐putamen coupling which further mediated the effect of the insufficient task‐outcome association on procrastination. In particular, the current findings show that procrastination is more likely when people are less able to associate tasks with highly valued incentives, which is accompanied by reduced hippocampal–striatal interactions during task construction.

Altered structural and functional brain network overall organization predict human intertemporal decision-making

Intertemporal decision‐making is naturally ubiquitous to us: individuals always make a decision with different consequences occurring at different moments. These choices are invariably involved in life‐changing outcomes regarding marriage, education, fertility, long‐term well‐being, and even public policy. Previous studies have clearly uncovered the neurobiological mechanism of the intertemporal decision in the schemes of regional location or sub‐network. However, it still remains unclear how to characterize intertemporal behavior with multimodal whole‐brain network metrics to date. Here, we combined diffusion tensor image and resting‐state functional connectivity MRI technology, in conjunction with graph‐theoretical analysis, to explore the link between topological properties of integrated structural and functional whole‐brain networks and intertemporal decision‐making. Graph‐theoretical analysis illustrated that the participants with steep discounting rates exhibited the decreased global topological organizations including small‐world and rich‐club regimes in both functional and structural connectivity networks, and reflected the dreadful local topological dynamics in the modularity of functional connectome. Furthermore, in the cross‐modalities configuration, the same relationship was predominantly observed for the coupling of structural–functional connectivity as well. Above topological metrics are commonly indicative of the communication pattern of simultaneous global and local parallel information processing, and it thus reshapes our accounts on intertemporal decision‐making from functional regional/sub‐network scheme to multimodal brain overall organization.