Tinton Dwi Atmaja

A Review on Optimization Production and Upgrading Biogas Through CO2 Removal Using Various Techniques

Biogas from anaerobic digestion of organic materials is a renewable energy resource that consists mainly of CH4 and CO2. Trace components that are often present in biogas are water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, siloxanes, hydrocarbons, ammonia, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. Considering the biogas is a clean and renewable form of energy that could well substitute the conventional source of energy (fossil fuels), the optimization of this type of energy becomes substantial. Various optimization techniques in biogas production process had been developed, including pretreatment, biotechnological approaches, co-digestion as well as the use of serial digester. For some application, the certain purity degree of biogas is needed. The presence of CO2 and other trace components in biogas could affect engine performance adversely. Reducing CO2 content will significantly upgrade the quality of biogas and enhancing the calorific value. Upgrading is generally performed in order to meet the standards for use as vehicle fuel or for injection in the natural gas grid. Different methods for biogas upgrading are used. They differ in functioning, the necessary quality conditions of the incoming gas, and the efficiency. Biogas can be purified from CO2 using pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, physical or chemical CO2 absorption. This paper reviews the various techniques, which could be used to optimize the biogas production as well as to upgrade the biogas quality.

Cyber security strategy for future distributed energy delivery system

Energy delivery systems in future manner will be referred to a modernization of delivery system so it monitors, protects and automatically optimize the operation of its interconnected elements. Its contain power generations, transmission network and user automation. It characterized by two way flow of electricity and information to create an automated distributed energy delivery system. From the viewing side of information flow, there are management and protection of the system that must be strategized to ensure the effective operation of the energy delivery system. This cyber security strategy will examine both domain-specific and common requirement to ensure interoperability of solution across different part of infrastructure. This strategy will require risk management framework developed by both private and public sector. This framework will establish the processes for combining impact, vulnerability, and threat information to produce an assessment of risk to the distributed energy delivery system. The approach of this risk management will consider an organizational perspective, cyber security requirement, standard security system, and electricity security guideline and protection plan. This risk management will be applied on an asset, system, and network basis, as applicable. Some security architecture such as key management, virtualization security within cloud computing, and smart privacy will be linked to the energy delivery system. The final strategy of this effort will be a set of recommended cyber security requirements that will be allocated to interfaces of the Smart Grid. The goal is to ensure that a comprehensive assessment of the systems and component of the distributed energy delivery system is completed.

The Use of Open Source Software for Open Architecture System on CNC Milling Machine

Computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine system cannot be separated from the software required to follow the provisions of the Open Architecture capabilities that have portability, extend ability, interoperability, and scalability. When a prescribed period of a CNC milling machine has passed and the manufacturer decided to discontinue it, then the user will have problems for maintaining the performance of the machine. This paper aims to show that the using of open source software (OSS) is the way out to maintain engine performance. With the use of OSS, users no longer depend on the software built by the manufacturer because OSS is open and can be developed independently. In this paper, USBCNC V.3.42 is used as an alternative OSS. The test result shows that the work piece is in match with the desired pattern. The test result shows that the performance of machines using OSS has similar performance with the machine using software from the manufacturer.