Tolga Yarman

Kündig's experiment on the transverse Doppler shift re-analyzed

In this paper, we re-analyze the ingenious experiment by Kundig (measurement of the transverse Doppler shift by means of the Mossbauer effect) and show that a correct processing of experimental data gives a relative energy shift 1E/E of the absorption line different from the value of classically assumed relativistic time dilation for a rotating resonant absorber. Namely, instead of the relative energy shift 1E/E = (1.0065± 0.011)v 2 /2c 2 reported by Kundig (v being the linear velocity of absorber and c being the light velocity in vacuum), we derive from his results 1E/E = (1.192± 0.011)v 2 /2c 2 . We are inclined to think that the revealed deviation of 1E/E from relativistic prediction cannot be explained by any instrumental error and thus represents a physical effect. In particular, we assume that the energy shift of the absorption resonant line is induced not only by the standard time dilation effect, but also by some additional effect missed at the moment, and related perhaps to the fact that resonant nuclei in the rotating absorber represent a macroscopic quantum system and cannot be considered as freely moving particles.

A Mössbauer experiment in a rotating system on the second-order Doppler shift: confirmation of the corrected result by Kündig

We present the results of a Mossbauer experiment in a rotating system, whose performance was stimulated by our recent findings (2008 Phys. Scr. 77 035302) and which consisted of the fact that a correct processing of Kundigs experimental data on the subject gives an appreciable deviation of a relative energy shift ΔE/E between emission and absorption resonant lines from the standard prediction based on the relativistic dilation of time (that is, ΔE/E=−v2/2c2 to the accuracy c−2, where v is the tangential velocity of the absorber of resonant radiation, and c is the velocity of light in vacuum). That is, the Kundig result we have corrected becomes ΔE/E=−k(v2/c2), with k=0.596±0.006 (instead of the result k=0.5003±0.006, originally reported by Kundig). In our own experiment, we carried out measurements for two absorbers with a substantially different isomer shift, which allowed us to make a correction of the Mossbauer data regarding vibrations in the rotor system at various rotational frequencies. As a result, we obtained the overall estimation k=0.68±0.03.

Electromagnetic force on a moving dipole

We analyse the force acting on a moving dipole due to an external electromagnetic field and show that the expression derived in Vekstein (1997 Eur. J. Phys. 18 113) is erroneous and suggest the correct equation for the description of this force. We also discuss the physical meaning of the relativistic transformation of current for a closed circuit and carry out the analysis of a number of particular physical problems, which are important from the educational viewpoint.

Energy?momentum conservation in classical electrodynamics and electrically bound quantum systems

We call attention to the well-known fact that the electromagnetic (EM) field consists of bound and radiation components, and only their sum provides for the implementation of energy–momentum conservation for interacting classical charges. In this context, we then focus our attention on quantum systems of electrically bound charges, which do not radiate in the stationary energy states and thus their EM field comprises only the bound component. The non-applicability of Maxwells equations to quantum mechanics does not permit, in general, ignoring the problem of recovering the energy–momentum conservation for such pure bound EM field systems, and we explore this problem within the Schrodinger–Dirac quantization scheme.

TORQUE ON A MOVING ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC DIPOLE

We derive an expression for the torque exerted on an electric/magnetic dipole moving in an electromagnetic fleld, which contains two new velocity-dependent terms that to our knowledge were not reported before. A physical meaning of various torque components is discussed in terms of Lorentz force law and hidden momentum contribution.

Novel theory leads to the classical outcome for the precession of the perihelion of a planet due to gravity

We offer a novel method which lets us derive the same classical result for the precession of the perihelion of a planet due to the gravitational effects of the host star. The theoretical approach suggested earlier by the first author is erected upon just the energy conservation law, which consequently yields the weak equivalence principle. The precession outcome is exactly the same as that formulated by the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) for Mercurial orbit eccentricities, but the methodology used is totally different. In our approach, there is no need to make any categorical distinction between luminal and sub-luminal matter, since, as we have previously demonstrated, our theory of gravity is fully compatible with the foundations of quantum mechanics. Our approach can immediately be generalized to the many-body problem, which is otherwise practically impossible within the framework of GTR. Our approach thus leads to a unified description of the micro and macro world physics.

Continuity equations for bound electromagnetic field and the electromagnetic energy–momentum tensor

We analyze the application of the Poynting theorem to the bound (velocity-dependent) electromagnetic (EM) field and show that an often-used arbitrary elimination of the term of self-interaction in the product j·E (where j is the current density and E the electric field) represents, in general, an illegitimate operation, which leads to incorrect physical consequences. We propose correct ways of eliminating the terms of self-interaction from the Poynting theorem to transform it into the form that is convenient for problems with bound EM field, which yield the continuity equations for the proper EM energy density, the interaction part of EM energy density and the total EM energy density of bound fields, respectively. These equations indicate the incompleteness of the common EM energy–momentum tensor, and in our analysis, we find a missed term in its structure, which makes its trace non-vanished. Some implications of these results are discussed, in particular, in view of the notion of EM mass of charged particles.

Energy flow in a bound electromagnetic field: resolution of apparent paradoxes

In this paper, we present a resolution of apparent paradoxes formulated in (Kholmetskii A L 2006 Apparent paradoxes in classical electrodynamics: the energy–momentum conservation law for a bound electromagnetic field Eur. J. Phys. 27 825–38; Kholmetskii A L and Yarman T 2008 Apparent paradoxes in classical electrodynamics: a fluid medium in an electromagnetic field Eur. J. Phys. 29 1127) and dealing with the energy flux in a bound electromagnetic field.

Novel Mössbauer experiment in a rotating system and the extra-energy shift between emission and absorption lines

We present the results of a novel Mossbauer experiment in a rotating system, implemented recently at Istanbul University, which yields the coefficient k = 0.69 ± 0.02 within the frame of the expression for the relative energy shift between emission and absorption lines ΔE/E = ku2/c2. This result turned out to be in quantitative agreement with an experiment achieved earlier on the subject matter (Kholmetskii et al. Phys. Scr. 79, 065007 (2009)), and once again strongly pointed to the inequality k > 0.5, revealed originally in (Kholmetskii et al. Phys. Scr. 77, 035302 (2008)) via the re-analysis of Kundig’s experiment (Kundig, Phys. Rev. 129, 2371 (1963)). A possible explanation of the deviation of the coefficient k from the relativistic prediction k = 0.5 is discussed.

Different paths to some fundamental physical laws: relativistic polarization of a moving magnetic dipole

In this paper we consider the relativistic polarization of a moving magnetic dipole and show that this effect can be understood via the relativistic generalization of Kirchhoffs first law to a moving closed circuit with a steady current. This approach allows us to better understand the law of relativistic transformation of four-current density when it is applied to the moving macroscopic magnetic dipoles.