Tomas Rezanka

Lipid compounds of freshwater sponges: family Spongillidae, class Demospongiae

More than 100 novel, unusual and rare fatty acids, lipids and sterols have been isolated from freshwater sponges. The structures, biogenesis, synthesis and bioactivity of some lipid compounds of freshwater sponge species are reviewed.

Novel brominated lipidic compounds from lichens of central Asia.

The composition of novel brominated aliphatic compounds from lichens collected during summer from stones around the lake Issyk-Kul (Central Asia) is described. The compounds, predominantly fatty acid derivatives with unique groups (bromine, cyclopropane, oxirane) and conjugated double and triple bonds, were identified by means of 1H and 13C-NMR, MS, IR and UV spectra.

Identification of fatty acids from Cladonia lichens

Abstract Fatty acids of eight lichen species belonging to the genus Cladonia were examined by GC-MS. Twenty-two saturated, 23 monoene, five diene, nine triene and eight tetra-, penta- and hexaene fatty acids were identified. Unusually for lichens, very long-chain fatty acids, 25:1, 26:0, 26:1, 26:3, 28:0, 28:1, and 30:1 were detected.

Lipid composition of three macrophytes from the Caspian Sea

Abstract Lipid compositions of three macrophytic species from the Caspian Sea were examined. Lipid contents varied from 32.5 to 73.2 mg g −1 dry wt. The main classes found were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. The compositions of the fatty acids in the neutral, glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were also studied. The neutral fraction was composed mainly of palmitic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Essential fatty acid representatives in the glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Besides the common fatty acids, more than 40 other acids, including very long-chain ones in minor amounts, were identified.

Fatty acids and phospholipids from lichens of the order lecanorales

Abstract Three lichen species from the order Lecanorales were examined for their fatty acids by capillary GC-Ms. Among the 70 fatty acids identified, 22 were saturated, including six iso -acids, two anteiso -acids, one pristanic acid and one phytanic acid; their total amount varied from 10.6 to 26.8%. Twenty-four acids were monoenoic (14.9–24.4% five including 25:1, 26:1, 28:1 and 30:1), dienoic (8.0–12.0%), eleven trienoic (21.3–33.9%) and eight were polyenoic (8.6–41.1%). Lichen samples were also examined for total lipids and phospholipids. Total lipids varied from 13.4 to 30.7 mg g −1 dry wt. The major phospholipid was phosphatidylcholine.

Fatty acid composition of Parmelia lichens

Abstract Fatty acid compositions of three lichen species from the genus Parmelia were examined by capillary GC-MS. 68 fatty acids were identified: 21 saturated, 23 monoene, five diene, 11 triene and eight tetra-, penta- and hexaene acids.

The Use of APCI-MS with HPLC and Other Separation Techniques for Identification of Carotenoids and Related Compounds

The heat labile carotenoids cannot be analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC- MS). The only useful method appears to be high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV/visible (UV/Vis) or mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS). Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) is a preferred method, which is frequently used with C18 stationary phase, usually with gradient elution. In contrast to other ionization techniques, xanthophylls and carotenes form both molecular ions and protonated molecules during positive ion APCI (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization). APCI is an ideal method of ionization for low- to medium-polar compounds, which include also carotenoids and related compounds. Since their molecular mass does not exceed 2000 amu even in the case of glycosides or esters with fatty acids, this method is exceedingly suitable for their analysis. The review summarizes the data on its use for this group of compounds.

Distribution of diacylglycerylhomoserines, phospholipids and fatty acids in thirteen moss species from Southwestern Siberia

The total lipids extracted from 13 moss species belonging to nine families collected of southwestern Siberia were examined for their fatty acids by capillary GC-MS. The total lipids from Sphagnum nemoreum, S. squarrosum and Helodium blandowii yielded 2.25, 3.02 and 3.70% (of total fatty acids) as acetylenic acids, respectively. Some unusual acetylenic acids were found, i.e. 8a,11,14–20:3 and 6a,9,12,15–18:4. High levels of 16:1 fatty acid were found. Very long-chain fatty acids (C24–C26) were determined. The quantities of total, neutral, polar and glycolipids were estimated. Quantitative determination of polar lipid not containing phosphorus as diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS) as performed; this varied from 13.3 to 38.3% of total polar lipids.

Polar Lipids and Fatty Acids of Three Wild Cyanobacterial Strains of the genus Chroococcidiopsis

The occurrence ofn-saturated, branched, and unsaturated fatty acids of 3 wild terrestrial strains of the genusChroococcidiopsis (OrderChroococcales):C. supralittoralis, C. umbratilis, andC. versatilis collected from Lake Kinneret, Dead Sea, and Ein Kerem (Jerusalem) was investigated and individual compounds identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Polar lipids also were examined. Among polar lipids (studied using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography) were as major glycolipids isolated: monogalactosyl-diacylglycerols, digalactosyl-diacylglycerols, 6-sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols and phosphatidylglycerol. Nonphosphorus betaine-containing lipid,viz. N,N,N-trimethylhomoserin-4-O-yl-diacylglycerol, was found for the first time in cyanobacterial species.

Distribution of acetylenic acids and polar lipids in some aquatic bryophytes

Abstract Two liverwort and three moss aquatic species from different regions of the former USSR were analysed for their fatty acid composition of total lipids and triacylglycerols (TAG). Diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and phospholipid composition were also examined. The major polar lipids found were DGTS (20.4–39.6%), PC (18.2–25.5%), PG (13.9–25.8%) and PE (9.5–19.6%). Fatty acids were analyzed by GC-mass spectrometry in total lipid extracts and in TAG. Acetylenic fatty acids in TAG varied from 6.6% in the moss, Calliergon cordifolium , to 80.2% in the liverwort, Riccia antipyretica . Three acetylenic acids were identified among the monoenocss (6a-18:1 9a-18:1 and 12a-18:1) and dienoics (6a, 9c-18:2, 9a, 12c-18:2 and 9c, 12a-18:2). Four acetylenic acids were identified amongst the polyenoics 6a, 9c, 12c-18:3, 8a, 11c, 14c-20:3, 6a, 9c, 12c, 15c-18:4 and 5a, 8c, 11c, 14c-20:4.