Tomasz Noszczyk

Cadastral system in the Russian Federation after the modern transformation

The paper presents the notion and procedure of cadastral registration of land and real property objects in the Russian Federation. Russia has gone through significant changes in cadastre over the last dozen years. Introduction of the State Real Property Cadastre Act in 2007 was a corner stone in this regard. Today, the cadastre encompasses all types of real property. The goal of this paper is to present the modern cadastre in the Russian Federation, which has been introduced to keep record of real property. Additionally, the cadastre collects information on the number, surface area, quality and use of land and other real property objects. Data in the state register are used to carry out administrative tasks, protect and use land in an effective manner, plan agricultural management and also to ensure proper location and specialisation of production. The study has shown that the cadastre implemented in Russia essentially achieves its goals and completes the tasks it was given, but its organisation requires further development and improvement.

Zmiana przeznaczenia gruntów rolnych na cele nierolnicze w Rosji i Polsce

The purpose of this article is to analyse the changes in agricultural land use for non- agricultural purposes in Russia and Poland. In the beginning the definition of agricultural land was given, which is in force in Poland and Russia. We analysed existing procedures related to land use change in both countries. It also provides specific cases and the rules by which in Russian Federation it is possible to change the destination of lands, as well as describes the administrative procedure which precedes an administrative decision in this matter. The article also lists cases in which Poland on agricultural land use for non-agricultural purposes

Understanding the cadastre in rural areas in Poland after the socio-political transformation

Abstract The paper looked into the issue of the validity of the cadastral data for rural areas in Poland after the socio-political transformation in 1989. Hence, the current state of the cadastral data and its consequences were discussed. The aim of this paper was to present the update status of cadastral data for rural areas in Poland, to describe a model example of cadastre modernisation (a case study of Michałowice) and to stress the necessity of ‘active cadastre-keeping’ in future. Analyses were based on a model example of cadastre modernisation and assessment of its results in the rural Municipality of Michałowice, Poland. Reasons for the decision of the local authorities to modernise the cadastre, society response, and positive and negative aspects of the modernisation were discussed. The authors stress the fact that future passive keeping of real estate cadastre by the authorities may entail outdated data despite any past modernisations.

Socio-spatial conflicts caused by an unfavourable rural structure and out-of-date Land and Property Register

Abstract This article addresses the issue of conflict situations caused by an out-of-date Land and Property Register (LPR) and the disadvantageous structure of rural areas in southern Poland. In this part of the country, holdings are very fragmented and scattered, made up of a large number of small surface area plots located far from the headquarters of the holding. The aim of the article is to present actions that can help improve rural spatial structure and validity of the land register. The authors have, therefore, analysed the problems that may result in both spatial and social conflicts. The following were analysed in particular: discrepancies between data in the LPR and the existing factual state, plots without access to public roads, property ownership structure, the necessity to regulate property boundaries, and problems with the procedure for taking land out of agricultural production. The article presents both positive and negative effects of the land consolidation and exchange process, modernisation of the Land and Property Register, and their impact on socio-spatial conflicts. Its results indicated that the land consolidation procedure and LPR modernisation have a significant impact on socio-spatial relations in rural areas. It has been found that despite the fact that both these activities may give rise to new disputes in addition to resolving conflicts, the overall balance is positive. It is because more positive aspects of these actions were found than negative consequences.

A review of approaches to land use changes modeling

ABSTRACT Being a widespread phenomenon, land use changes are being increasingly evaluated by modeling methods, including statistical modeling. Land use changes models facilitate interpreting the causes and consequences of land use dynamics and support policy-makers in taking rational decisions. Literature offers numerous land use models developed by researchers from various fields. The goal of the article was to review the existing methods of land use change modeling, in particular, statistical models. It is, therefore, a synthesis of the knowledge found in previous studies in this domain. The discussion is based on four areas: (1) the role of modeling and models in land use changes studies, (2) major land use changes modeling methods, their advantages and limitations, (3) integrated approach to modeling, (4) and land use changes modeling in Poland. Results indicate that there are many land use changes modeling methods, each with its advantages and drawbacks. It is not an easy challenge to select the right one. Such factors as the goal of the model and research problem should be taken into consideration. The article is intended first of all for researchers and modelers in pursuit of new research methods or improving their models.

Preventing and resolving social dissatisfaction in spatial management in rural areas

The paper addresses the issue of dissatisfaction related to spatial management in rural areas illustrated with an example of southern Poland. In this region, the spatial structure of rural areas is poor, which results, e.g., from substantial fragmentation and scattering of land. Additionally, the Land and Property Register, also known as the real property cadastre for the area is not up to date, and fails to meet social expectations, in particular those regarding the ownership title. Being the basis for calculating the property tax, this register should be reliable and regularly updated, which unfortunately is not always the case. These circumstances may often lead to social dissatisfaction. The aim of the paper is to present surveying and legal processes that may influence prevention and resolution of causes of dissatisfaction and, at the same time, improve the spatial structure of rural areas. The authors have analysed the problems that may result in potential dissatisfaction. The results show that there are activities that may limit or prevent disputes. These include such actions as modernisation of the Land and Property Register or the land consolidation and exchange procedure, including the range of negative impact of motorways.

Die Transformation ländlicher Räume in Polen

Polen zeichnet sich in landlichen Gebieten durch eine grose Vielfalt und Eigenart von Kulturlandschaften aus. Dieser Vielfalt, die potenziell zu einem relevanten Entwicklungsfaktor dieser Gebiete werden kann, sollten Schutzmasnahmen entsprechen (Hernik 2011). Die Art und Weise, wie die Einwohner uber Jahrhunderte hinweg den Boden bearbeitet haben, hat zu einer beachtlichen Landschaftsvielfalt und differenzierten Landnutzung gefuhrt. Die Landschaften uben Einfluss auf die Identitat der jeweiligen Region aus und die landschaftliche Mannigfaltigkeit ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Kulturerbes. Die Kulturlandschaft ist nicht nur aus erkenntnishistorischer und asthetischer Sicht sowie zur Erhaltung des biologischen Wertes wertvoll, sondern mag auch aus wirtschaftlichen Grunden von grosem Interesse sein.