Tomi Medved

A review of business models for small prosumers in a post-RES subsidy and post-priority dispatch world

The widespread investments in renewable energy sources (RES) in the last 10 years has created a huge burden on the national RES funds due to the flaws in the initial RES support schemes and therefore scheme restoration was inevitable. In the meantime the situation at the energy market has changed radically, some RES technology costs reached grid parity and the development of other complementing technologies as battery storage and related information technology enabled and facilitated the creation of new business models for RES. In the H2020 project STORY, where the research focuses on the added value of energy storage, an overview of possible future business models for the stakeholders on the distribution system level with the emphasis on those that include battery storage solution has been done. In the paper the first RES support schemes and their design flaws are described. After that follows the description of new business models and technologies which will improve the viability and efficiency of the proposed business concepts in the near future. The paper concludes with a short introduction of the energy cooperatives, crowdfunding and possibility of additional income source by providing the ancillary services.

Market-based business model for flexible energy aggregators in distribution networks

The increasing rate of the smart technology implementations in the energy sector brings new control solutions for distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) to tackle the additional challenges on the distribution network that arise from increased integration of renewable energy sources (RES). With these new control solutions, a possibility of new services that could be offered on electricity and ancillary markets emerged, providing a possibility of new source of income for DRES, Demand Response (DR) and Aggregators. This paper presents the main results of the EU FP7 project INCREASE, where innovative controls for DRES and DR units were developed and investigated. The main novelty of the paper is a sensitivity analysis of INCREASE ancillary services and business model applied to representative European grid for overall policy conclusions. The knowledge gained in INCREASE provides the basis for the work in H2020 project STORY, where the demand response strategies will be augmented to encompass small-scale storage solutions.

The review of market power detection tools in organised electricity markets

Market power and its possible abuse by market participants is one of the main issues in electricity trading and a lot of work is done on establishing trading rules for fair and transparent electricity market. The focus of this paper is to present market power detection techniques which have been proposed in literature with detail review of the tools which could be used in monitoring units of organised electricity market places such as power exchanges. Electricity markets are disposed to collective or collusive market power exercise because of their characteristics and additionally susceptible to the potential exercise of unilateral market power. There have been many insight researches on topic of market power in the deregulated wholesale electricity markets with arising questions how to define, exercise and detect market power. The paper distinguishes between different models for market monitoring and surveillance and the outcomes of the paper can serve as a recommendation and orientation for further tests and researches in the field of the monitoring of market power.

Advanced peak shaving control strategies for battery storage operation in low voltage distribution network

The increased integration of PV systems in the low voltage network causes many problems in network operations. The EU project STORY is tackling these problems with adding energy storage to the grid. In this paper we present new control concept with peak demand control algorithm which is used on storage unit in LV distribution network. The algorithm development is based on real measurements from transformer station and inclusion of solar irradiation forecast. On the basis of forecasts algorithm defines new threshold levels of power flows through transformer which is responsible for decision of battery charge/discharge related to power surplus in real-time operation. Results of the simulations show an improvement in the operation of peak shaving control.

Key performance indicators for RES integration in LV distribution networks

The accelerated development of renewable energy sources (RES) technology and their enhanced integration into the low voltage (LV) distribution network require changes in the network operational procedures. New technologies like smart inverters developed within EU FP7 project INCREASE have been developed in order to help the Distribution System Operators (DSO) in keeping the network parameters within the operational limits. On the transmission level standard Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been in use for years in order to assess the benefits and the added value of new controls and technologies. Due to the different network characteristic of the LV distribution networks and different control problems to be solved, those KPIs are inadequate to assess the impact of new technologies in distribution network. In the paper, a set of modified KPIs for assessing the impact of newly developed controls in the LV distribution network are presented, as developed in the INCREASE project.

REMIT and the monitoring provisions of the EU energy markets

With the adoption of Regulation (EU) No. 1227/2011 on Wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency (REMIT), the European Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) took on unprecedented powers to monitor the wholesale energy markets in the EU. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of current development of the framework for monitoring of the wholesale electricity and gas markets under the auspices of REMIT. After a brief overview of ACER, REMIT and implementing acts covering the monitoring of the wholesale energy market, the status of the reporting framework and the process design of transaction and fundamental data reporting are presented. The conceptual design of market monitoring platform ARIS, which is currently being developed by ACER, is described. The paper provides an overview of reporting requirements for market participants and discusses the adaptations the market participants will need to undergo to adequate the new requirements.