Tomie Kawada

Effects of Paddle-Shaft Position and Inclination of Dissolution Apparatus on the Dissolution Rate of Carbamazepine Tablets and the Equivalence Assessment of Generic Drugs

Dissolution testing is useful for controlling the quality of an oral generic equivalent (GE) drug and rejecting a bioinequivalent GE. However, several sources of variability in dissolution tests can affect evaluations of drug quality. Recently, we reported that shifting the paddle shaft off-center significantly changed the dissolution rate of sodium diclofenac tablets, with the result that some GE tablets did not meet the criteria for equivalence. The aim of this study was to confirm the effect of paddle position and to investigate the effect of inclining the dissolution apparatus on the dissolution rates, quality assessment, and equivalence assessment of rapid-release carbamazepine tablets using a brand product (BR) and three GE products. Dissolution tests were carried out on the basis of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) 15 and Japanese Orange Book paddle methods. The paddle was shifted 5 mm from the center of the vessel, and the dissolution apparatus was inclined backward approximately 4° from the horizontal position. The percentage of drug that dissolved was then calculated. Shifting the paddle significantly increased the dissolution rate for all tablets, whereas inclining the apparatus reduced the dissolution rate for some tablets. All carbamazepine tablets passed the quality evaluation, and all GE products were judged equivalent to the BR product when the paddle was positioned centrally and the apparatus was horizontal. However, the BR product did not meet the criteria of the quality evaluation, and one GE product was judged not equivalent to the BR product in the 5-mm-off-center experiment, suggesting that the position of the paddle affects the quality and equivalence assessment of the rapid-release carbamazepine tablets. In conclusion, offsetting the paddle position from the center could affect the equivalence, as well as the quality assessment, of GEs by enhancing the dissolution rate. Inclining the apparatus reduced the dissolution rate but did not affect the equivalence assessment of GEs.

Effect of Paddle-Shaft Position on the Dissolution Rate of Sodium Diclofenac Tablets and the Equivalence Assessment of a Generic Product

Dissolution testing is useful for controlling the quality of oral products and rejecting bioinequivalent products. However, several sources of variability in dissolution tests can affect evaluations of quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of paddle-shaft position on the dissolution rates of a brand-name (BR) and four genericequivalent (GE), rapid-release tablets of sodium diclofenac. The paddle was shifted 5 mm from the center of the vessel, and the dissolution profiles were compared with that obtained at the central position. Although the GEs had a wide range of variability and significantly different dissolution profiles, they were estimated to be equivalent to the BR when the paddle was set at the center of the vessel. The 5-mm-shifted position significantly increased the dissolution rates of all products with the result that some GEs did not meet the criteria for equivalence. In conclusion, paddle position is potentially a cause of error in GE equivalence assessments. The paddle should be accurately positioned at the center of the vessel in dissolution tests for the equivalence assessment of GEs.