Tony Adams

A bright new day.

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Connecting falls to elder vision.

We are repeatedly reminded that the populations around the world are aging, and national reports from some countries have documented this for some time. In a recent news item, I read that the number of people older than 60 years will be a surprisingly large percentage of most populations. Although it varies by country, it is in all cases growing from today’s percentage. The implications for societies are broad and quite serious. In our own professional field, we have become much more aware of the changes in vision that accompany aging, quite separately from the fairly dramatic increase in aging eye diseases, like diabetic vision loss (primarily associated with diabetic retinopathy), and age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataract. On the latter, in North America, it is being effectively ameliorated with surgical treatment. In many countries, cataract remains the leading cause of vision loss among the older populations. It is apparent from a survey of the literature that falls among the elderly are a most serious threat to an individual’s health. Also, the literature on vision changes in the elderly, published in many journals, is a rich one. It documents the deterioration of vision with age. Let me briefly remind our readers of some publications in Optometry and Vision Science (OVS) that highlight the kind of vision changes that may contribute to falls among the elderly. Even from our own OVS publications, one might ‘‘connect the dots’’ on how vision is a factor in falls by the elderly. About 9 years ago, OVS published an article that followed an Award-giving Lecture (The Glenn A. Fry Lecture 2003) by Gunilla Haegerstrom-Portnoy; it followed a 1999 article by her. She and her colleagues were studying an aging population in Marin County, California, and they documented a surprising reduction in vision as that population aged. Of particular interest was the reduction of low-contrast visual acuity (particularly in the presence of any glare) and perhaps more relevant for falls in the elderly, a dramatic reduction in stereoscopic three-dimensional vision. Haegerstrom-Portnoy and her colleagues have published a number of related articles on these vision changes. Most recently, OVS published a study from the same population and noted the quite dramatic increase in the difference in refraction of the two eyes in the older population (more than 10 times that of the younger population). Although it could be argued that correction of that refractive error difference could bring more balanced vision between the eyes and minimize stereoscopic deficits, the fact was that the population they studied was wearing their habitual correction and it was often in need of updating. In my own comments in a preview of the article and in an Editorial some years before, I brought attention to the fact that, for older patients who simply wear ‘‘dime store’’ reading glasses with equal correction in each eye and who fail to take them off as they navigate around their homes, the problem of unequal refractive error and consequently stereoscopic vision is not being addressed. It may well contribute to some falls. Such speculation on my part really deserves a more rigorous test by well-designed research. In this issue of OVS, we lead with the substantial research of our 2013 Glenn A. Fry Awardee, David Elliott. Professor Elliott’s article provides excellent insight into the ways that vision impacts on negotiating steps, where falls are often reported. I urge you to read this interesting report of his research journey. It is accompanied by a brief video clip that quickly alerts you to his experimental approach. Elliott draws compelling connections between vision and postural control and falls, particularly falls going down steps. As he notes, ‘‘most epidemiological studies have shown that visual impairment (typically defined as binocular visual acuity worse than 20/40 or 20/60) is a significant and independent risk factor for falls,’’ and that ‘‘Epidemiological studies have also shown that PAL and bifocal wearers are twice as likely to fall as nonmultifocal wearers.’’ Elliott points out ‘‘a randomized controlled trial has shown that an additional pair of distance-vision single-vision glasses for outdoor use can reduce falls rate.’’ As I noted, this was an award-winning research worthy of being the 2013 Academy of Optometry Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture in Seattle. His article reviews the literature on how blurred vision and magnification contribute to falls, gait, and postural control, and he discusses how these are influenced by spectacle correction. As he reminds us, vision provides significant input to postural control as well as information about the size and position of hazards and obstacles. It allows us to safely negotiate steps and stairs. In fact, he notes that many studies have shown that reduced vision is a significant risk factor for falls. He reports that ‘‘Falls are the major cause of accidental death and nonfatal injuries in elderly US adults. About 21,700 older US adults died from fall-related injuries in 2010 and 2.3 million nonfatal injuries among older adults were treated in emergency departments, with more than 660,000 hospitalized, at a direct cost of about

Ready for a Revolution in Contact Lenses

30 billion.’’ Optometry and Vision Science readers will have yet other reasons to connect the dots on these issues when they read, in our upcoming August Feature Issue (Age-Related Macular Degeneration), of similar related work by Daniel Marigold and his colleagues in Vancouver, Canada. 1040-5488/14/9106-0591/0 VOL. 91, NO. 6, PP. 591Y592 OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE Copyright * 2014 American Academy of Optometry

Bedside to Bench Well Illustrated in Myopia.

In late 2014, Optometry and Vision Science (OVS) put out a Call for Papers for an ambitious Feature Issue publication: ‘‘Revolutionary Future Uses of Contact Lenses.’’ This was ambitious because much of the research is being done by companies interested in protecting their investment, and much less (probably) is being published in scientific journals. But there is no denying that contact lenses are no longer simply thought of as being for the correction of refractive error to provide clear focused vision. The developments include imaging and new biocompatible materials. They also allow specific optical corrections to slow or prevent myopia progression, biosensing to monitor and diagnose health conditions (e.g. diabetes, glaucoma), appropriate delivery of treatment drugs, and even information transfer and delivery of messages. This month, our talented team of Guest Editors have not only put together some fascinating insights into the research progress in this area but point to the limitations in implementing some of the truly revolutionary ideas. The Guest Editor team, led by Lyndon Jones, has produced a very interesting collection of original research articles and reviews/perspectives. In addition, their Guest Editorial gives the reader an excellent guide to the range in content for the Feature theme issue. The Guest Editors are well known internationally and well respected for their understanding of the cornea and contact lenses. Lyndon Jones, OD, PhD, FAAO, our lead Guest Editor, is a Professor at the School of Optometry and Vision Science, University Research Chair and Director of the Centre for Contact Lens Research at the University of Waterloo. He graduated in Optometry from the University of Wales in 1985 and gained his PhD in Chemical Engineering from the Biomaterials Research Unit at Aston University, Birmingham, UK in 1998. His research interests primarily focus on the interaction of novel and existing contact lens materials with the ocular environment, dry eye, and ocular drug delivery. He has authored over 300 refereed and professional papers and one textbook, and given over 700 invited lectures at conferences worldwide in over 30 countries. He has been awarded a number of national and international awards, including the 2014 ‘‘Glenn Fry Award’’ from the AAO, 2014 ‘‘Donald Korb Award’’ from the American Optometric Association, 2013 ‘‘Max Schapero Award’’ from the Cornea and Contact Lens Section of the AAO, and the 2011 ‘‘George Giles Memorial Lectureship’’ from the British College of Optometrists. Mark Byrne, MS, PhD, recently joined Rowan University as founding Department Chair and Professor within the Department of Biomedical Engineering after moving from Auburn University. Mark is a leader in the field of biomaterials engineering, controlled therapeutic delivery, polymer engineering, and biomedical devices. He has made significant and sustained contributions to the field of ocular drug delivery and is a pioneer in the evolving field of contact lens delivery. His group was the first to demonstrate controlled and extended release of therapeutics from novel contact lenses based on a rational design strategy of macromolecular memory of flexible polymer chains. He received his MS and PhD degrees in Chemical Engineering from Purdue University. In 2011, he published the first in vivo evidence that a steady, effective concentration of drug can be maintained in the tear film from a contact lens for the entire duration of lens wear. Joseph B. Ciolino, MD, is a member of the full-time staff as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology at Massachusetts Eye and Ear. Joe is a clinician scientist whose research has been supported by the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense (DOD), and other funding organizations. He also has served as an advisor and medical monitor for over 25 ophthalmic clinical trials. Dr. Ciolino’s primary research focus is the development of a drug-eluting contact lens. The contact lens has demonstrated sustained release of therapeutic drug levels for up to 1 month. This technology has been covered by international news services including CNN, The Economist, Boston Globe, Reuters News Service, and Scientific American. Dr. Ciolino’s clinical focus is in corneal transplants, dry eye, keratoprosthesis, and diseases of the anterior segment of the eye. Jerry Legerton, OD, MS, MBA, FAAO, is an accomplished author, lecturer, vision scientist, and consultant to the ophthalmic industry. Jerry is an inventor on 48 issued US patents and more than 60 patents pending for contact lenses, refractive surgery, corneal refractive therapy, hybrid contact lenses, diagnostic devices, and contact lens enabled wearable display technology. His 26 years in the private practice of optometry enable him to balance the scientific perspective with practical clinical applications for eye care practitioners. He led the innovation, intellectual property, and product development for Paragon CRT\ and the SynergEyes\ family of hybrid contact lenses. He received the 2010 Achievement Award from the American Optometric Association, Cornea and Contact Lens Section and the 2011 Outstanding Achievement Award from the Orthokeratology Academy of America. He holds over 60 patents for his inventions. Maria Markoulli, MOptom, PhD, FAAO, is a lecturer at the School of Optometry & Vision Science at the University of New South Wales. She completed her Optometry degree at the University of New South Wales in 2003 and has practiced in Australia since then. In 2005, she joined the Brien Holden Vision Institute 1040-5488/16/9304-0323/0 VOL. 93, NO. 4, PP. 323Y324 OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE Copyright * 2016 American Academy of Optometry

Dry Eye Not Dry Topic

We have just come off another highly successful and stimulating annual meeting of the American Academy of Optometry. Last month, your Journal welcomed the January 2016 appointment of our incoming editor in chief, Michael Twa. We also had an opportunity to congratulate him and wish him well at our New Orleans OVS Board meeting. On other matters. The New Orleans meeting was the first Academy meeting since the July 27, 2015, passing of optometry’s global giant, Brien Holden. What wonderful tributes and acknowledgment were made of his quite spectacular career and his accomplishments. The giant tree in optometry’s international forest has fallen. Brien was certainly a ‘‘one off’’ with no peer. This month, we have an interesting perspective on the rapid advances in our field and particularly in myopia research. Our authors Karla Zadnik and Donald Mutti pick up on the ‘‘other side of the coin’’ in clinical research. They highlight their own relatively recent publication on the impact of outdoor light on the progression of myopia and note just how rapidly that clinical observation and finding helped foster both basic and clinical research on outdoor light and eye development. In fact, they provide a wonderful example of how clinical observations can lead to basic research in the ‘‘bedside to bench’’ paradigm. The importance of ‘‘bedside to bench’’ in fostering research that leads to advances in clinical care, through further research, has been noted numerous times in the literature. It is especially well illustrated in this Zadnik and Mutti example. Your Editor highlighted the ‘‘bedside to bench’’ concept and noted some other published origins of the term back in a 2006 Editorial and then again in 2009 with a note in the October 2009 OVS Announces. I noted, in my acknowledgement of the impressive observational and clinical research of Donald Korb in 2009, advances often begin with a clinical observation followed by patient research that leads to major biomedical discovery. (‘‘We profile Dr. Donald Korb, OD, FAAO, who stands out as one whose clinical observations, over many years, have made spectacular contributions to optometry and ophthalmology research and clinical practice in cornea and contact lenses.’’) Ken Polse nicely outlined the history of Korb’s achievements in his article in that same OVS issue in 2009. As I said in my 2006 Editorial, ‘‘So onward with translational research, in both directions. Optometry and its patients will surely benefit from investing in the effort!’’ I commend this Clinical Perspective by Zadnik and Mutti to your reading list. It is well written and an important perspective. I also draw readers’ attention to the results of the Academy photo competition that was on display in New Orleans last month. We show the winners in the ‘‘In the News’’ section of this OVS issue. In particular, we highlight the photos from the grand prize winners of both the anterior and posterior eye segment competition. Take a look. In this issue, you will also find a wide range of topics covered by our authors, from original research articles, clinical reviews, clinical cases, book reviews, and of course our usual editor’s preview of all the articles in OVS Announces.

What follows double episodes

September is a banner month for Optometry and Vision Science (OVS)! We bring you 27 articles, all focused on Dry Eye Disease and covering a wide range of topics in reviews, original research, clinical reports, and perspectives from experts. It is 8 years since we did a Call for a Feature Issue on Dry Eye in OVS, so the publication is timely and helps fill in some issues and questions after the excellent published Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) reports of 2007, 2011, and 2013 on guidelines for dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction. In fact, the field has moved forward at an impressive pace and many clinicians are finding ways to deal with the troublesome and sometimes painful consequences of dry eye. Indeed, the TFOS has recently initiated a second round of committees to update the guidelines they created, including those in their 2007 and 2011 reports. Our guest editors, some who were very much involved in the preparation of those guidelines, have brought their own expertise to the task of selecting the manuscripts for this issue of OVS from those articles that survived peer review. They are a talented team of optometrists, ophthalmologists, and clinical researchers. Most of our authors have similarly impressive credentials. The team was led by Meng C. Lin, OD, PhD, FAAO, director of the Clinical Research Center at the School of Optometry at the University of California School of Optometry. She was joined by Jason J. Nichols, OD, MPH, PhD, FAAO, and Kelly K. Nichols, OD, MPH, PhD, FAAO, from the University of Alabama School of Optometry; Todd Margolis, MD, PhD, at the Washington University in St. Louis; Penny A. Asbell, MD, at the Icahn Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; Nancy A. McNamara, OD, PhD, at the School of Optometry at University of California, Berkeley (UCB) and the Department of Ophthalmology at UC San Francisco (UCSF); and Kenneth A. Polse, OD, MS, FAAO, at the School of Optometry at UCB. Each has made his or her own ‘‘mark’’ in this field and each continues to be active researchers. Penny A. Asbell, MD, FACS, MBA, is professor of ophthalmology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City and is the director of cornea service at Mount Sinai Hospital. She is also the current editor in chief of Eye and Contact Lens. Dr. Asbell has extensive experience in clinical research in cornea, including National Institutes of Health (NIH)Yfunded trials: the HEDS study on ocular herpes, the PERK study on refractive surgery, and her current trial on dry eye disease (DREAM), where she is the study chair. She has also worked on translational projects involving animal and tissue culture models of wound healing, toxicity, herpes, and stem cell disease and collaborated with other MDs, PhDs, and ODs in vision research. She has published more than 200 peer-reviewed papers on original research and is currently on the board of directors of ISOPT, TFOS, and CLAO and teaches worldwide with presentations at Asia ARVO (Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology), the Asian Cornea Society, the World Cornea Congress, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), and ARVO. Meng Lin, OD, PhD, FAAO, is associate professor and director of the Clinical Research Center at the UCB School of Optometry, as well as the co-chief of the UCB Dry Eye Clinic. As the founding director of the Clinical Research Center, Dr. Lin established a research team of 20 multidisciplinary vision scientists, chemists, clinician scientists, biostatisticians, and certified study coordinators. Her research team specializes in randomization methods, recruitment strategies, methods of improving participant adherence, and clinical study design and methodology that are applicable to patient-based and translational research in many areas of ocular research. Dr. Lin conceptualizes, implements, and directs cutting-edge collaborative research studies, taking clinical investigations in new directions with important implications for improved understanding of tear film and corneal physiology, dry eye, and the effects of contact lens wear on ocular surface integrity. Dr. Lin is well funded in (1) effect of contact lenses and lens care solutions on ocular surface integrity (specifically on rheology of tear film, corneal epithelial barrier function, and conjunctival epithelium), (2) inherent differences in ocular surface integrity among different ethnic groups and ways in which these differences contribute to success or failure in lens wear, (3) understanding genetic and environmental factors on nonYcontact lens-induced dry eye and tear film stability, and (4) factors affecting postYlens aqueous tear mixing under soft contact lenses. Todd Margolis, MD, PhD, FARVO, recently moved from UCSF (ophthalmology) to head the Department of Ophthalmology at Washington University in St. Louis, as the Alan and Edith Wolff Distinguished Professor and chairman of ophthalmology and visual sciences. Todd, a graduate of Stanford University, UCSF (PhD), and UCLA (postdoctorate), is no stranger to eye researchers having served as president of ARVO earlier. At UCSF as director of the F.I. Proctor Foundation, he focused his research on infectious and inflammatory ocular disease with a particular interest in herpes virus infections of the eye. In 2014, after 14 years as director of the F.I. Proctor Foundation, Dr. Margolis moved to St. Louis. Dr. Margolis remains committed to translational research as well as educating the next generation of educators. He has more than 150 peer-reviewed publications and has received an impressive number of awards. He has served on a number of NIH study sections, on the National Eye Institute council, as an executive editor of the American Journal of Ophthalmology, and as 1040-5488/15/9209-0919/0 VOL. 92, NO. 9, PP. 919Y921 OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE Copyright * 2015 American Academy of Optometry

From railways to "soup to nuts".

Coming off a ‘‘double-barreled’’ set of Optometry and Vision Science (OVS) publications for April (the regular OVS Issue plus an additional special online-only issue on ‘‘Discovery and Clinical Care’’) raises the question, ‘‘what next’’ for May? Well, we have good and somewhat eclectic news for you. We lead with two excellent glaucoma articles; we then quickly follow our author’s authoritative path of reexamining a concept of binocular vision that is 300 years old. Admittedly, the 300-yearold proposal has received some modern updating by our renowned author who raises very fundamental concepts about binocular vision anomalies and the role of both head position and monocular eye input. I will say no more; you should check it out. We are also introduced to something most clinicians may have wondered about, given numerous patient symptom reports. Many of our patients report particular difficulty at low light levels. The basis of these can vary from early retinal eye disease, night myopia (in younger patients), degenerative retinal conditions, and many other causes, but how can vision at twilight or dusk be reliably measured with so much variation of accommodative and pupil response at low light levels? Because we do need to reliably make measurements in the clinic for these patients, as well as make reliable measures in clinical studies at lower light levels, our authors discovered and report on conditions where such reliable measures can be made. They discover a relatively simple approach in the clinical examination room. We are not talking about long and complicated dark adaptation procedures here! As usual, we have articles on the important topic of myopia. Now that we are so aware that myopia is primarily the biometric lengthening of the eye, we know that studies should focus on biometric measures with far superior tools than we had one to two decades ago. No self-respecting researcher would try to track myopia progression today without measuring axial length; in fact, they would have trouble publishing their results in any good journals today. The abnormal lengthening of the eye is particularly evident in high myopia, but it does account for most myopia. Thus, it won’t come as much of a surprise that researchers spend time and effort to look at the scleral tissue engineering and composition in myopes. In this issue, we have two articles on myopia. In the first, we find that myopes have a very elastic posterior retina-choroid-sclera complex. Furthermore, the recent discovery of peripheral myopia refraction involvement in myopic status and development has resulted in numerous approaches to assuring peripheral myopic refractive error as a protective strategy against myopia development. Choroidal thickening, associated with orthokeratology treatments, has been implicated in mechanisms related to peripheral refractive error and axial length changes and control. However, our authors found no choroidal thickening, using optical coherence tomography, despite successfully inducing a myopic periphery with orthokeratology. They consequently doubt that peripheral myopic defocus slows the progression of myopia through a mechanism involving choroidal thickening. We move to four excellent Clinical Reports and their introduction by Clinical Editor Larry Alexander, OD, FAAO. Finally, we have an excellent review that makes the case for optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence offering new opportunities for diagnosing and managing white dot syndromes.

An AMD treasure trove publication and new strength for OVS.

After three Feature single theme issues in 5months (August, October, and December 2014), readers are likely wondering if that is the new focus of Optometry and Vision Science (OVS). Although we know readers and authors appreciate Feature theme issues, we also know thatmany general readers like to have a range of interesting topics to update them. That range of topics can be found in this February OVS issue. Hence, from ‘‘soup to nuts.’’ We open with a trip down memory lane for those of you who have a love of railway travel and its accompanying vision implications and standards. Some 140 years ago, there was a nowfamous railway crash that took nine lives in Sweden (near Lagerlunda, Sweden, in 1875) and was for most of the intervening 140 years since then attributed to color-defective vision or ‘‘color blindness’’ of the engine driver. Color vision standards for railway locomotive drivers were almost universal within a few years of Holmgren (of the Holmgren wool color vision test) writing that he ‘‘supposed that color-blindness was one of the principal causes of the accident.’’ Indeed, so influential was the assertion that color blindness led to the train crash that new attention and color vision standards were introduced and in many ways heralded the beginning of occupational vision standards that became implemented in many countries around the world. One can certainly view the incident as stirring appropriate interest at least in color vision standards for the railways. A series of ‘‘lantern’’ tests of color vision have emerged ever since, some adopted by international standards organizations. That the incident in Sweden was likely not simply caused by defective color vision was only recently elucidated by a fine post hoc evaluation of the details of the actual event by Mollon and Cavonius just 3 years ago. They concluded that although the color-defective vision hypothesis was plausible, ‘‘there is no firm evidence that color deficiency did cause the collision.’’ They identified a number of other factors that undoubtedly contributed to the accident. In this February issue of OVS, we lead with three articles that deal with color vision testing in the railways. Our authors introduce a new Railway LED Lantern Test already adopted in one state in Australia. Our authors propose this new lantern test of color vision for railways personnel and compare it favorably with those recommendations made by the international standards community (Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage). The only other railways lantern test currently available and in use is theCNLantern used on theCanadian Railways test. I encourage readers to read these articles; I believe that these papers are very likely the forerunners of the adoption of a very practical modern test for many railroads around the world. We move from color vision tests to six papers on cornea and contact lenses (CLs) that cover CL care and adverse events, simultaneous focus from CL, corneal sensitivity, corneal refractive surgery, a perspective on inflammation and keratoconus, and stereo changes after LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis). We follow this with two papers on binocular vision problems, reading and crowding issues, and academic performance and refractive error. We then return to our Clinical Pearls and four papers on clinical cases in the online-only section: they are rich in color images.

Charging up batteries.

and New Strength for OVS This month, Optometry and Vision Science (OVS ) proudly presents a very special theme issue on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As our understanding of both dry and wet AMD is accelerating, and potential treatment options are rapidly expanding, we thought it would be timely to look at the most recent research, both laboratory and clinical, and bring it together in a single issue dedicated to the topic. Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe vision loss in older people, with almost 15% of the population older than 80 years worldwide having AMD. Research has given us new hope for possible prevention and treatment, and technological advances have made it feasible to do much more for those who have lost sight from AMD and who want to maximize their residual vision. Optometry and Vision Science is most fortunate to put together a team of Guest Editors who, themselves, are making impressive contributions in this area and who, in their Guest Editorial, give us a superb insider’s view to the many advances in AMD research, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. They, and our authors, take us into the exciting world of stem cells, genetics, and advances in technology and imaging that offer new promise for those who have lost vision. We learn of the promise of these fields for advancing AMD care and knowledge. Our own OVS Board member, Erica Fletcher, who is conducting leading edge research in AMD and diabetes with animal models, brought the team together. She enjoys an international reputation as being at the forefront, as do her four other Guest Editors. Erica is a past Academy Borish Awardee and an incoming Fellow this November. Erica has been ably supported by Susana Chung (University of California [UC] Berkeley, California) and three of Erica’s colleagues from the University of Melbourne, Australia, where many exciting research advances are taking place. Erica Fletcher, OD, PhD, FAAO Candidate, is an Associate Professor and Reader (tenured) in the Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience at the University of Melbourne. She was the Academy’s 2006 Irvin M. Borish Award winner given for exceptional promise as a clinician researcher. And as noted, she is a current OVS Board member. That promise was certainly fulfilled and today she enjoys an international reputation as a leading international researcher who is unraveling the basic science mysteries of AMD in the context of problems that are important for clinicians for care of AMD patients. After her optometry training and her PhD at the University of Melbourne (1997), Erica completed postdoctoral training with Prof. Dr. Heinz Wässle at the Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt, Germany. For more than 10 years, her wellfunded retinal cell biology research laboratory at her home institution has focused on understanding the factors that exacerbate photoreceptor death in inherited retinal degenerations and AMD. Her laboratory is a contributor to the large Australian governmentY funded consortium to develop an electronic retinal implant. Susana Chung, OD, PhD, FAAO, is a full Professor of Optometry and Vision Science in the School of Optometry at UC Berkeley. She, too, is a current OVS Board member and led the recent OVS Feature Issue on Low Vision (Optom Vis Sci September 2012, Volume 89, Issue 9). Susana was the 2012 Glenn A Fry Awardee and published her award lecture in OVS (June 2013). Susana enjoys a well-deserved international reputation in the field of low vision and her research has been well funded through the National Institutes of Health. Susana completed her clinical training in Hong Kong and her PhD at the University of Houston. She followed that with postdoctoral training at the University of Minnesota with 2013 Academy Prentice Medalist Gordon Legge. Before her appointment as an associate professor at UC Berkeley in 2008, she had faculty appointments at Indiana University and the University of Houston. Laura Downie is a relatively recent graduate OD (2003) and PhD (2008) who has already shown exceptional scholarly talent and promise. In fact, Laura will receive the 2014 Irvin M. Borish Award in Denver this November 2014. She has a wide range of clinical and basic science interests, especially in evidence-based clinical practice, and is a keen scholar in the area of AMD. In this theme Feature Issue, she leads with the ‘‘Editors Choice’’ paper on the evidence-based literature on treatments for AMD; it is a designated paper that is free to readers (they are granted immediate open access) anywhere in the world. She also coauthored a second paper on color vision function in AMD in this issue of OVS. Laura is Lecturer and the Director of Cornea and Contact Lenses in the Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences at the University of Melbourne. She is recognized as a leader in ocular disease and contact lenses in Australia. Robyn Guymer, MD, PhD, FRANZCO, is a well-established international researcher in AMD. Leaders in the field frequently cite her work. Prof. Robyn Guymer is a medical retinal specialist at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, and is Head of the Macular Research Unit at the Centre for Eye Research Australia, which she established in 1997 at the University of Melbourne. She is also Deputy Head of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne. After her PhD at the Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Prof. Robyn Guymer undertook ophthalmology training in Melbourne and then completed a 2-year medical retinal fellowship at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, under Prof. Alan Bird. 1040-5488/14/9108-0813/0 VOL. 91, NO. 8, PP. 813Y815 OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE Copyright * 2014 American Academy of Optometry

The bright new year.

The expression ‘‘my batteries were recharged’’ is used a lot in connection with the Academy of Optometry’s annual meeting experience. Academy Denver certainly can be expected to be that way for so many of us. The Academy, once again, can expect to have a very successful meeting with the usual stimulating programs, much spirited exchange, and loads of new and interesting concepts for the very large number of attendees. From Plenary session to Hirsch Symposium, Residency activities, and first-rate continuing education options, first-timers are likely to be overwhelmed with the experience. Among the more impressive aspects of the meeting will be the student attendance and activities. And significant international participation. Many of them will be among the large contingency of new Fellows (FAAO) to be welcomed at the final banquet. I suspect there will be lots of ‘‘see you in New Orleans next November’’ comments. Optometry and Vision Science (OVS) will be unusually active at the annual meeting with OVS Board and Publisher activities, assisting signups for the iPad App, two author workshops, and the 10th year of OVS PresentsVa continuing education course highlighting the clinical context of recent OVS publications. This year, it is AMD (age-related macular degeneration), which also received enthusiastic response as the August 2014 Feature Theme Issue. At our Board meeting, we will welcome our new Associate Editor, Michael Twa, OD, PhD, FAAO, and two newOVS Board members (Andrew Mick, OD, FAAO, and Algis Vingrys, OD, PhD, FAAO). Your team of Editors (Tony Adams, Michael Twa, and Kurt Zadnik) will recount their productive invited attendance at the large Philadelphia (September 18Y19) gathering of LWW medical science editors. There were many opportunities for networking, workshops, and learning of other editor’s experiences with their journals. Another ‘‘recharging of batteries’’ experience. Some news of upcoming OVS activities follows. Next month (December), readers will receive a third 2014 Theme Issue of OVS. This time dedicated to ‘‘Cornea and Contact Lenses.’’ And I remind readers and am urging author submissions for two 2015 Feature Issues (see Call for Papers) in this issue of OVS. I am excited about these two topics and there have already been numerous submissions. All accepted manuscripts will be E-Pubs (Published Ahead of Print), in the order they are accepted with peer review, and author corrections applied to the proofs. The Feature Issues will be published as the collection of papers selected by the internationally represented Guest Editor teams. Dry Eye Disease is obviously a timely topic and publications in 2015 can be expected to inform the upcoming update of guidelines, anticipated in late 2015, for dry eye care. The other Feature Issue topic is most unusual, but also timely. It will put together by an impressive team of Guest Editors led by our own 2014 Glenn A. Fry Awardee in Denver, Lyndon Jones, OD, PhD, FAAO. It is intended to highlight the advances and research behind ‘‘Revolutionary Future Uses of Contact Lenses.’’ The potential for these future applications of contact lenses is mind boggling! I also draw your attention to interesting articles in this November issue. I introduce the issue with the Editor’s Choice open access article, with the following preview: ‘‘Accommodation Amplitude Pre-School to Presbyopia: A Story Rewritten?’’ Please do take a look and ponder. There are also several articles on imaging contributions to clinical care and research, getting glaucoma structure and function to match up, and some provocative OVS Clinical Editor (Larry Alexander, OD, FAAO) commentary on a Clinical Report and three Clinical Cases. As a ‘‘teaser,’’ his comments include, ‘‘This paper is important to help us remember that instruments vary and that as a clinician you cannot make direct comparisons between instruments that gather numerical data,’’ ‘‘Sure makes one rethink the raw food concept. Vectors are all around us. This is a very good read,’’ and ‘‘I believe that this paper highlights the fact that disease does not necessarily fit into nice little diagnostic boxes. Read this! You will learn. It is fun. AndIyou will rethink lifting bags of manure.’’ Dive on in, the water is fine.