Tore Midtvedt

Endoscopy-related Bacteremia

A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the frequency of bacteremia after endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract. In one out of 100 patients undergoing gastroscopy and in one out of 25 patients undergoing coloscopy, positive blood cultures could be demonstrated. In both cases anaerobe lactobacilli were recovered. No bacteremia was demonstrated in 25 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Influence of Antibiotics on Microbial Intestinal Transformation of Cholesterol to Coprostanol in Man

Fecal excretion of coprostanol was followed in groups of healthy volunteers receiving various antibiotics per os. No effect upon excretion was found in the groups receiving phenoximethylpenicillin or doxicycline, whereas a prolonged reduction was found in the groups receiving clindamycin, ampicillin, oxitetracycline or a fixed combination of bacitracin and neomycin.

The toxicity of fluid from experimentally strangulated intestinal loops in the rat

Summary Experimental low ileal strangulation obstruction was produced in 15 male rats, and the strangulation fluid was collected outside the body in 24 hourly portions. Toxicity of the fluid portions, as tested by intraperitoneal injection into mice, developed concomitantly with the occurence of microorganisms, particularly E. coli. The number of microorganisms necessary to produce toxicity when suspended in saline was considerably higher than that found in most toxic strangulation fluids. Added red blood corpuscles did not significantly enhance the toxicity of saline bacterial suspensions. Toxic strangulation fluid was found to contain an ultrafiltrable factor which enhanced the bacteria-dependent toxicity of such fluid.

Comparison of Tinidazole Given as a Single Dose and on 2 Consecutive Days for the Treatment of Nonspecific Bacterial Vaginosis

Nonspecific bacterial vaginosis, defined as the presence of clue cells, was treated in a randomized, double-blind study with (1) tinidazole 2 g as a single dose (82 patients), (2) tinidazole 2 g on 2 consecutive days (84 patients), and (3) with placebo (81 patients). The cure rates, both clue cells and Gardnerella vaginalis absent, were 51, 74 and 4%, respectively. A closer clinical and microbiological evaluation showed the 2-day regimen to be superior.

Gallbladder and Duodenal Bacterial Flora after Papillotomy in Rabbits

Gallbladder and duodenal bacteria were studied in New Zealand white rabbits 1 and 4 weeks after papillotomy. The gallbladder bile was sterile in all animals before papillotomy. One and 4 weeks after papillotomy growth of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was found in the gallbladder bile in five of eight test animals and in none of the control rabbits. The number of bacteria in the duodenum increased in rabbits that developed growth of bacteria in the gallbladder bile after papillotomy. In the test rabbits that did not develop bacteria in the gallbladder bile and in the control group no changes in duodenal bacteria were observed.

Changes in duodenal bacterial flora after cholecystectomy with or without papillotomy in rabbits.

The number of bacteria in the duodenal contents increased in six of seven rabbits after cholecystectomy. After cholecystectomy with papillotomy the bacterial number increased in seven of eight animals. The increase in aerobic bacteria was higher than that of anaerobic bacteria. No statistical difference between these two groups was found.

Piroxicam enhances phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Abstract Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils were exposed to piroxicam, 1.5 uM, 15 uM and 150 uM during phagocytosis of radiolabelled Escherichia coli in vitro. Preincubation of the cells for 30 minutes before phagocytosis stimulated the uptake of E. coli at all concentrations. The elimination of substances of bacterial origin from the neutrophis in the postingestion phase was, however, not influenced by piroxicam.