Toshiaki Kitabatake

IgG4‐related tumour‐forming mastitis with histological appearances of granulomatous lobular mastitis: comparison with other types of tumour‐forming mastitis

Ogura K, Matsumoto T, Aoki Y, Kitabatake T, Fujisawa M & Kojima K
(2010) Histopathology 57, 39–45
IgG4‐related tumour‐forming mastitis with histological appearances of granulomatous lobular mastitis: comparison with other types of tumour‐forming mastitis

Detecting KRAS mutations in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients by peptide nucleic acid clamp PCR

We investigated the effectiveness of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamp PCR for detecting KRAS mutations in peripheral blood samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We compared KRAS point mutations between tumour tissue and blood samples. Forty-two patients were included in this study. We observed KRAS mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by PCR direct sequencing and in blood samples by PNA clamp PCR. KRAS point mutations were detected in primary tumour tissue samples of 13 patients (31.0%) and in peripheral blood samples of 10 patients (23.8%). KRAS point mutations were detected in both samples for 8 patients (19.0%). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting KRAS mutations in peripheral blood and tumour tissue samples were 61.5, 93.1 and 83.3%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 80.0 and 84.4%, respectively. Five patients with mutant KRAS in their plasma preoperatively, did not exhibit KRAS mutations postoperatively. Our method detected KRAS point mutations in peripheral blood samples of CRC patients, which contained extremely small amounts of mutant cells. This method is helpful for identifying metastatic CRC patients in whom metastases will respond to EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody therapy.

Correlation of Thymidine Phosphorylase Staining and the Ki-67 Labeling Index to Clinicopathologic Factors and Hepatic Metastasis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

AbstractPurpose. Our aim was to investigate the thymidine phosphorylase (TdRPase) expression and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of primary tumors of colorectal cancer and hepatic metastases immunochemically and to evaluate the relationship of these parameters to various clinicopathologic factors and hepatic metastasis. Methods. We performed immunochemical studies in 74 patients with colorectal cancer, using anti-TdRPase antibody and MIB-1 antibody. Results. TdRPase expression and a Ki-67 LI ≧30% in primary lesions were significantly more common in patients with lymphatic invasion (ly), venous invasion (v), lymph node involvement (n), and hepatic metastasis. A Ki-67 LI ≧ 30% of the primary tumor was associated with a significantly higher frequency of metachronous liver metastasis. In the same patients, the mean Ki-67 LI was 24.3 ± 17.9 for primary lesions and 5.0 ± 4.2 for hepatic metastases, this difference being significant. Conclusions. These results indicate that TdRPase expression and the Ki-67 LI are related to various clinicopathologic factors, suggesting their usefulness as indices of tumor malignancy. We suggest that the Ki-67 LI of primary colorectal cancer could be an important predictor of the future development of metachronous liver metastasis.

Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis as a complication of acute appendicitis : report of a case.

Since superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (SMVT) is a relatively rare disease and shows no specific symptom, its diagnosis tends to be delayed. In this report, we present a patient in whom acute appendicitis was complicated by SMVT and portal vein thrombosis (PVT). A definitive diagnosis could be made by abdominal contrast-enhanced CT, and acute appendicitis was surgically treated. Anticoagulant therapy was continued for about half a year after surgery. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT after discharge showed no recurrence of SMVT or PVT. We consider that acute appendicitis induced SMVT or PVT caused by the effect of inflammation. There is the possibility that these conditions lead to intestinal congestion or necrosis and liver dysfunction; appropriate diagnosis and treatment are necessary.

Massive melena caused by a carcinoid of the small intestine: report of a case.

We report a case of massive melena caused by a carcinoid of the small intestine. A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our department after presenting with massive melena. The source of the bleeding could not be localized by upper or lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, computed tomography (CT), or labeled red blood cell scintigraphy. Enteroscopy allowed visualization only up to the jejunum, and we could not localize the lesion. The melena subsided with conservative treatment, but the patient was readmitted 4 months later when she suffered another episode of massive melena. A contrast CT scan performed immediately showed extravascular leakage and the retention of contrast medium in the ileum. Thus, she underwent an emergency surgery, during which endoscopy confirmed a small ileal tumor accompanied by pulsating bleeding from the exposed blood vessels at its center. The small intestine was partially resected, including the swollen lymph nodes, the size of small beans. Pathological examination confirmed a carcinoid tumor 1 cm in diameter, with an arterial rupture at its center and lymph node metastasis.

Laparoscopic Resection of an Intra-Abdominal Esophageal Duplication Cyst: A Case Report and Literature Review

Duplication of the alimentary tract is a rare congenital malformation that occurs most often in the abdominal region, whereas esophageal duplication cyst develops typically in the thoracic region but occasionally in the neck and abdominal regions. Esophageal duplication cyst is usually diagnosed in early childhood because of symptoms related to bleeding, infection, and displacement of tissue surrounding the lesion. We recently encountered a rare adult case of esophageal duplication cyst in the abdominal esophagus. A 50-year-old man underwent gastroscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to investigate epigastric pain and dysphagia that started 3 months earlier. Imaging findings suggested esophageal duplication cyst, and the patient underwent laparoscopic resection followed by intraoperative esophagoscopy to reconstruct the esophagus safely and effectively. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed two layers of smooth muscle in the cystic wall, confirming the diagnosis of esophageal duplication cyst.

The efficacy of intraoperative ultrasonography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) has been used to delineate anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LapC) and screen for common bile duct stones (CBDS), however no consensus about its efficacy has been reached in Japan. In this study, we compared and evaluated the performance of intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) and IOUS during LapC. METHODOLOGY We evaluated 295 cases of cholecystolithiasis that underwent surgery from 2005- 2009 at our hospital. Frequency of CBDS and duration of surgery was examined in cases with IOC alone or IOC and IOUS in combination. RESULTS There were 5 cases (1.7%) in which IOUS or IOC detected CBDS that had not been detected by preoperative evaluation using abdominal CT, abdominal ultrasonography or MRCP. Out of 62 LapC cases involving both IOC and IOUS, 60 cases showed the same findings, i.e. no false-negative results, indicating that IOUS is a trustworthy examination method. The mean duration of surgery involving IOUS alone was 135 minutes while a longer mean time of 163 minutes was found for that involving IOC alone or IOC and IOUS in combination. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that IOC can be considered useful as it did not produce any false-negative results in screening CBDS and it also shortened the operation time. We also found some problems associated with IOC, such as small calculi falling within the gallbladder during examination procedures and the irradiation of patients and staff.

Postoperative portal vein thrombosis and gastric hemorrhage associated with late-onset hemorrhage from the common hepatic artery after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare but serious postoperative complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We reported a case of late-onset postoperative PVT with hemorrhage from the common hepatic artery (CHA) in a 73-year-old man who underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) for duodenum papilla cancer, followed by reconstruction using the modified Childs technique. The pancreaticojejunostomy was achieved by end-to-side, 2-layer invagination anastomosis without pancreatic duct stenting. Drain removal and hospital discharge were scheduled on postoperative day (POD) 18, but blood-stained fluid in the drain and sudden hematemesis were noted. Emergency surgery was performed because PVT and imaging findings were suggestive of necrosis of the lifted jejunum. Although no jejunal necrosis was identified during surgery, bleeding from the side of the CHA was detected and the bleeding point was suture-closed to achieve hemostasis. We suspected late-onset postoperative arterial hemorrhage and subsequent hematoma formation, which caused portal vein compression and PVT formation. We chose a conservative treatment strategy for PVT, taking into account the operation time, intraoperative vital signs and blood flow in the portal vein. Despite the complicated postoperative course, he was discharged home in a fully ambulatory state on POD 167.

Occult Breast Lobular Carcinoma with Numerous Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood

We experienced a very rare case of occult breast lobular carcinoma with numerous circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood. The diagnosis was very difficult because there were no symptoms of breast cancer and the preceding chief complaints such as general fatigue and weight loss or abnormality of peripheral blood findings were suggestive of a hematological disease. We could make a correct diagnosis of this case by checking the findings of complete blood count and bone marrow biopsy at the same time using immunohistochemistry.

Safe Skin Management during Open Hepatectomy in a Patient with Recessive Dystrophic Congenital Epidermolysis Bullosa

Congenital epidermolysis bullosa is a rare, genetic condition in which even slight stimulation can cause blistering of the skin or mucosa. While previous reports of treatments requiring general anesthesia in these patients were focused on anesthesia-related procedures, such as endotracheal intubation, no report has described specific management required for these patients during surgery, such as preparation of the surgical site, fixation of infusion lines and other tubes, and adjustment of the operation table. This is probably the first report to address these issues. This report presents a case of recessive dystrophic congenital epidermolysis bullosa in which open hepatectomy was safely performed.