Toshiharu Mita

Passive Long-Distance Migration of Apterous Dryinid Wasps Parasitizing Rice Planthoppers

The wasp family Dryinidae comprises predator and parasitoid wasps of leafand planthoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). This family is morphologically distinct from other wasps. Females in most subfamilies of Dryinidae have forelegs that are modified into a chela, with an enlarged claw (Fig. 1: green) and 5th tarsomere (Fig. 1: red) that aid in grasping the host insect. The enlarged claw moves widely when the chela opens. Such foreleg morphology is not always the case, such as for females of the subfamily Aphelopinae R.C.L. Perkins and Erwiniinae Olmi & Guglielmino (Olmi & Guglielmino, 2010) that have simple forelegs. Dryinid wasps often show distinctive sexual dimorphism, such as the presence or absence of chela. The subfamily Gonatopodinae Kieffer is one of the extreme cases of sexual dimorphism, but in this case it is because females of most of the species are apterous. The pterothorax becomes so slender in the apterous form (Fig. 2: A, C) that they look like ants. In contrast, males have well developed wings and a pterothorax (Fig. 1: B).

One new species and three unrecorded species of Anteoninae (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from South Korea

A new species, Anteon koreana sp. nov. and three unrecorded species, Anteon javanum, Anteon jurineanum and Anteon munitum of the family Dryinidae, are described from South Korea. Description and photographs of diagnostic characters are provided herein.

Two new species of the genus Carminator Shaw from Japan, the northernmost record of extant Megalyridae (Hymenoptera)

The family Megalyridae is recorded from Japan for the first time on the basis of two new species, Carminator helios and C. japonicus. This is the northernmost record of living Megalyridae, although fossil species are known from regions of the Baltic Sea. Carminator helios can be distinguished from congeners of the Asian and Australian regions by the combination of a long head, deeply excavated frons with convex inner margins, entirely striated postgena, the number of fore tibial spines (more than 16), and a long R1 vein. Carminator japonicus is distinguishable from other species by the combination of an orange‐colored metasoma, a weakly excavated frons, and an elongate vertex. This species was collected from the canopy of Acer pictum. Additional characters that distinguish species of the genus Carminator are discussed.

Phylogeny and biogeography of Carminator (Hymenoptera: Megalyridae)

Carminator Shaw is a small genus of parasitic wasps that is mainly distributed in Southeast Asia. Eight species are recognized here, including Carminator coronatussp.n. and Carminator gracilissp.n. A data set comprising 54 morphological characters and including all the known species of Carminator, as well as four out‐group taxa (two Cryptalyra spp., one Ettchellsia sp. and one Megalyra sp.), was assembled and analysed. Carminator is retrieved as monophyletic. All weighted analyses place Carminator affinis as the sister group to the rest of the genus. A northern clade comprising species occurring on the Japanese Isles, Taiwan and Vietnam (Carminator japonicus (Carminator gracilissp.n. (Carminator cavus + Carminator helios))) is strongly supported and nested inside the more southerly distributed species. C. helios is found on Nakanoshima Island, which emerged post‐Pliocene, and so C. helios is considered to have dispersed there via a land‐bridge connection from the Ryukyu Islands. A key to all known species of Carminator is provided.

New species of Neoapenesia (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Japan, with special remarks on female morphology and bionomics

A bethylid wasp is described as Neoapenesia makiharai n. sp. based on adults obtained from dead wood collected from the Ryukyus, Japan. The male is distinguishable from N. leytensis Terayama, the monotypic species of the genus, on the basis of the following characteristics: presence of short 2Rs vein, rounded propodeum, absence of sculpture on propodeum, widened subgenital plate, and apically rounded aedeagus. The female of Neoapenesia is described for the first time. Its morphological characteristics closely resemble those of Apenesia, but sex association was confirmed by the following facts: partial mitochondrial COI gene sequences (582 bp) of males and females were identical, and mating behavior was often observed. The female is easily distinguishable from females of Apenesia on the basis of the following characteristics: distinctly short antenna (not reaching posterior margin of head) and a disproportionately large head (head width about twice the dorsal pronotal width). Although females were active at night, males were active in the daytime and copulation was observed during this period. Since the female is larger than the male, phoretic copulation may not occur. Dead wood was collected and kept in plastic bags, from which a total of 16 species of coleopteran wood‐borers and two predators were obtained together with N. makiharai n. sp. Many individuals of N. makiharai n. sp. were reared from dead wood severely affected by Cerecium longicorne and it was the most common species obtained from our wood samples. Therefore, the cerambycid species is considered a potential host species.

New species of the genus Mahinda Krombein, 1983 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, Amiseginae)

Abstract Three new species of Mahinda are described, bo from Vietnam, borneensis from Malaysian Borneo and sulawesiensis from northern Sulawesi. A key to the three known species is provided including the previously described species, saltator Krombein, 1983.

A new species of Ceratoteleas Kozlov (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan, with a description of the male of Ceratoteleas

Abstract Ceratoteleas cornus sp. n. is described from Japan. The male of the genus is described for the first time.

First description of the male of Gonatopus javanus (R.C.L. Perkins) determined by mitochondrial COI sequence (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)

Gonatopus javanus (R.C.L. Perkins) was newly recorded from Japan and India. The males collected together with females of G. javanus from Japan were identified as previously unknown opposite sex of the species because they share identical sequences of mitochondrial COI. The sequence was different from that of G. clavipes (Thunberg) by 11%. The male of G. javanus was described as new to science. Doratulina producta (Matsumura) is implied as host in Japan. The utility of molecular marker to identify the dryinid taxa showing sexual dimorphism is discussed.

Taxonomic additions of Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from Japan, with description of a new species of Trogloembolemus

Ampulicomorpha thauma Rasnitsyn Matveev (Hymenoptera: Embolemidae) and Sclerogibba rossi Olmi (Hymenoptera: Sclerogibbidae) were newly recorded from Japan. Females of Embolemus walkeri Westwood were found in the soil together with nymphs of Cixiidae. Trogloembolemus okanoi sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The holotype ♀ was collected in the soil at a depth of one meter. A key to species of Japanese Embolemidae was updated.

Two new species of the genus Methocha from Laos (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae)

Abstract Two new species of Methocha, M. cariniventris and M. granulosa are described from Laos.