Toshinari Mikami

Effect of Glycemic Control on Self-Perceived Oral Health, Periodontal Parameters, and Alveolar Bone Loss Among Patients With Prediabetes

BACKGROUND The effect of glycemic control on severity of periodontal inflammatory parameters in patients with prediabetes is unknown. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of glycemic control on self-perceived oral health, periodontal parameters, and marginal bone loss (MBL) in patients with prediabetes. METHODS A total of 303 individuals were included. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose levels (FBGLs) were recorded. Participants were divided into three groups: 1) group A: 75 patients with prediabetes (FBGLs = 100 to 125 mg/dL [HbA1c ≥5%]); 2) group B: 78 individuals previously considered prediabetic but having FBGLs <100 mg/dL (HbA1c <5%) resulting from dietary control; and 3) control group: 150 medically healthy individuals. Self-perceived oral health, socioeconomic status, and education status were determined using a questionnaire. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (AL) were recorded. Premolar and molar MBLs were measured on panoramic radiographs. RESULTS Periodontal parameters (PI, BOP, PD, and AL) (P <0.01) and MBL (P <0.01) were worse among individuals in group A than those in group B. Self-perceived gingival bleeding (P <0.001), pain on chewing (P <0.001), dry mouth (P <0.001), and oral burning sensations (P <0.05) were worse among patients in group A than those in group B. There was no difference in periodontal parameters, MBL, and self-perceived oral symptoms among patients with prediabetes in group B and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Self-perceived oral health, severity of periodontal parameters, and MBL are worse in patients with prediabetes than controls. Glycemic control significantly reduces the severity of these parameters as well as the state of prediabetes in affected individuals.

Cytokine profile in the gingival crevicular fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients with chronic periodontitis

The aim was to assess the cytokine profile in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Databases were searched from 1991 to August 2013 using a combination of various keywords. Eight studies were included. The GCF concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-13 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were reported to be higher in patients with RA than in healthy controls (HC) without CP. In one study, TNF-α levels in GCF were significantly higher in HC than in RA patients receiving anti-TNF-α therapy. One study reported no significant difference in GCF TNF-α levels among RA patients and HC regardless of anti-TNF-α therapy. One study reported no difference in IL-1β and prostaglandin E2 levels among RA patients and HC with CP. Raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines are exhibited in the GCF of RA patients with CP.

FAM83H and casein kinase I regulate the organization of the keratin cytoskeleton and formation of desmosomes

FAM83H is essential for the formation of dental enamel because a mutation in the FAM83H gene causes amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). We previously reported that the overexpression of FAM83H often occurs and disorganizes the keratin cytoskeleton in colorectal cancer cells. We herein show that FAM83H regulates the organization of the keratin cytoskeleton and maintains the formation of desmosomes in ameloblastoma cells. FAM83H is expressed and localized on keratin filaments in human ameloblastoma cell lines and in mouse ameloblasts and epidermal germinative cells in vivo. FAM83H shows preferential localization to keratin filaments around the nucleus that often extend to cell-cell junctions. Alterations in the function of FAM83H by its overexpression, knockdown, or an AI-causing truncated mutant prevent the proper organization of the keratin cytoskeleton in ameloblastoma cells. Furthermore, the AI-causing mutant prevents desmosomal proteins from being localized to cell-cell junctions. The effects of the AI-causing mutant depend on its binding to and possible inhibition of casein kinase I (CK-1). The suppression of CK-1 by its inhibitor, D4476, disorganizes the keratin cytoskeleton. Our results suggest that AI caused by the FAM83H mutation is mediated by the disorganization of the keratin cytoskeleton and subsequent disruption of desmosomes in ameloblasts.

Tumoral calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease of the temporomandibular joint: identification on crystallography.

This paper reports a case of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of a 59‐year‐old man with the chief complaint of severe pain in the left TMJ. On CT a radiopaque area was seen around the condylar process of the left TMJ with irregular destructive bony changes. A provisional diagnosis of crystalline‐induced arthritis was made on histopathology of a biopsy specimen. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction showed both CPPD and hydroxyapatite (HA) in the crystalline materials. Identification of these two types of crystal in crystal deposition disease of TMJ, using crystallography, is discussed.

Periodontal Parameters and Whole Salivary Cytokine Profiles Among Habitual Gutka Chewers and Non-Chewers

BACKGROUND Whole salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, and MMP-9 levels among habitual gutka chewers and non-chewers (controls) have not been investigated. The aim of the present study is to assess clinical periodontal parameters and whole salivary IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels among habitual gutka chewers and controls. METHODS Forty-five gutka chewers and 45 controls were included. Demographic information regarding age, sex, duration and daily frequency of gutka chewing, duration of gutka placement in the mouth, and daily toothbrushing habits were collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters, including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) >3 mm, clinical attachment loss (AL), marginal bone loss (MBL), and number of missing teeth, were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected, and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) was determined. Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-8, and MMP-9 were measured in UWS using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS PI (P <0.01), BOP (P <0.01), PD >3 mm (P <0.01), and clinical AL (P <0.01) were significantly higher in gutka chewers than controls, as were whole salivary IL-6 (P <0.01), IL-1β (P <0.01), MMP-8 (P <0.01), and MMP-9 (P <0.01) concentrations. There was no significant difference in UWSFR, number of missing teeth, or MBL among habitual gutka chewers and controls. CONCLUSION Periodontal inflammatory conditions were worse, and whole salivary IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels were higher among gutka chewers than non-chewers.

Self-perceived oral health and periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM It is hypothesized that self-perceived oral health and periodontal status are worse in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to CP patients without RA. The aim of the present study was to assess self-perceived oral health and periodontal parameters in CP patients with and without RA. METHODS Fifty CP patients with RA and 50 CP patients without RA were included. Information regarding sociodemographic characteristics and self-perceived oral symptoms were collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, number of missing teeth, and marginal bone loss) were recorded. RESULTS There was no significant difference in socioeconomic status, education status, self-perceived oral symptoms, and periodontal parameters among CP patients with and without RA. CONCLUSIONS Self-perceived oral health and periodontal parameters are mainly governed by the intensity of CP, and the role of RA in this context seems to be rather secondary.

Detection of Rare Variant of SS18-SSX1 Fusion Gene and Mutations of Important Cancer-Related Genes in Synovial Sarcoma of the Lip: Gene Analyses of a Case and Literature Review.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) accounts for 5 to 10% of soft tissue sarcomas; however, intraoral SS is rare. Histopathologically, SS shows a biphasic pattern with epithelial and spindle cell components or a monophasic pattern with only spindle cells. The precise diagnosis of SS, especially at an unusual site, is often a challenge to pathologists and clinical oncologists, because the differential diagnosis of SS includes a broad range of tumors, such as soft tissue sarcomas and carcinomas. In the present case, the patient was a 50-year-old woman who presented with the chief complaint of swelling and a slowly enlarging mass of the lower lip in the mucolabial fold region. The mass was covered with intact mucosa and intraoral examination showed no malignant findings. The clinical diagnosis was a benign tumor and a probable salivary gland tumor. Macroscopically, the excised mass also indicated a benign tumor; however, histopathologic findings suggested the diagnosis of SS. For definitive diagnosis, genetic analyses were performed with conventional polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing. As a result, a rare variant of the SS18-SSX1 fusion transcript, which could not be identified by routine procedures for genetic diagnosis, was detected. In addition, 8 missense mutations of cancer-related genes were confirmed. Detection of the fusion transcript is widely used in the diagnosis of SS; however, reported cases of transcript variants of each fusion gene type are limited. Reports of mutational analysis of cancer-related genes on SS also are rare. The accumulation of rare transcript variants and the cytogenetic characters of SS are suggested to be necessary for assuming a genetic diagnosis of SS.

Three Case Reports of Synovial Chondromatosis of Temporomandibular Joint: Histopathologic Analyses of Minute Cartilaginous Loose Bodies From Joint Lavage Fluid and Comparison With Phase II and III Cases

0 Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a benign monoarticular lesion characterized by chondrometaplasia of the synovial membrane with cartilaginous loose bodies often found released into the joint spaces. It is a condition that mainly affects the large joint areas, such as the knee, hip, and elbow, and SC of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rarely seen. The common characteristics of SC of the TMJ include swelling, unilateral pain, occlusal changes, clicking, crepitation, deviation, and limited mandibular function. In he early stages of SC of the TMJ, the cartilaginous odules or loose bodies are often undetectable on lain radiographs. The symptoms are similar to that of emporomandibular disorder (TMD); consequently, any months or years often pass before the correct iagnosis is made. Milgram divided the conditions of SC into 3 separate phases, and each developmental stage was fur-

Primordial Odontogenic Tumor: A case report with histopathological analyses: A case of Primordial Odontogenic Tumor

Primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a benign mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumor included into the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Head and Neck tumours in 2017. As far as the authors have confirmed, only eight cases of this tumor have been reported so far. This paper reports a case of POT that occurred in the right mandible of a 5‐year‐old patient. Panoramic radiograph showed a well‐defined homogeneous radiolucency displacing the unerupted second deciduous molar to the deep part of the mandible. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of cell‐rich mesenchymal tissue with myxoid areas, surrounded by columnar epithelium and non‐keratinized cuboidal epithelium in the outer layers. The histopathological diagnosis was POT. The expression patterns of cytokeratins (CK) 14, 18, 19, vimentin and CD34 suggested that the grade of differentiation of the POT was approximately equivalent to that of normal primary tooth germ tissues in cap stage to late bell stage.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells propagate immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory macrophages in cell-to-cell contact-independent and -dependent manners under hypoxic culture

ABSTRACT Immunosuppressive/anti‐inflammatory macrophage (M&phgr;), M2‐M&phgr; that expressed the typical M2‐M&phgr;s marker, CD206, and anti‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)‐10, is beneficial and expected tool for the cytotherapy against inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrated that bone marrow‐derived lineage‐positive (Lin+) blood cells proliferated and differentiated into M2‐M&phgr;s by cooperation with the bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypoxic condition: MSCs not only promoted proliferation of undifferentiated M2‐M&phgr;s, pre‐M2‐M&phgr;s, in the Lin+ fraction via a proliferative effect of the MSCs‐secreted macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, but also promoted M2‐M&phgr; polarization of the pre‐M2‐M&phgr;s through cell‐to‐cell contact with the pre‐M2‐M&phgr;s. Intriguingly, an inhibitor for intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 receptor/lymphocyte function‐associated antigen (LFA)‐1, Rwj50271, partially suppressed expression of CD206 in the Lin+ blood cells but an inhibitor for VCAM‐1 receptor/VLA‐4, BIO5192, did not, suggesting that the cell‐to‐cell adhesion through LFA‐1 on pre‐M2‐M&phgr;s and ICAM‐1 on MSCs was supposed to promoted the M2‐M&phgr; polarization. Thus, the co‐culture system consisting of bone marrow‐derived Lin+ blood cells and MSCs under hypoxic condition was a beneficial supplier of a number of M2‐M&phgr;s, which could be clinically applicable to inflammatory diseases. HIGHLIGHTSMesenchymal stem cells increase precursors of M2‐macrophages under hypoxia.ICAM‐1/LFA‐1 axis plays an important role on the M2‐poralization.Novel co‐culture system was established to supply a number of M2‐macrophages.