Toshio Yamakawa

Catalytic effect of metallic halide on non-solvent coal hydrogenation at short contact time

Abstract Both catalytic and non-catalytic hydrogenations of Japanese coal have been studied using an autoclave equipped with a magnedrive device at temperatures 500–600 °C and hydrogen pressure 4.9–14.7 MPa (gauge) in the absence of solvent. Gas yield decreased but extraction yield with pyridine increased markedly in the reaction using ZnCl 2 or SnCl 2 · 2H 2 O as a catalyst in comparison with the non-catalytic reaction. The structural parameters of extracts derived in both reactions were determined, and showed only slight differences.

Nonsolvent coal hydrogenation at short contact time

Abstract Yields and properties of products on hydrogenation of Japanese and Australian coals have been studied using an autoclave equipped with a magnedrive device at temperatures of 500–600 °C and hydrogen pressure 4.9–14.7 MPa (gauge) in the absence of solvent. Optimum contact time, at which maximum extraction yield was observed, shifted from 15 s to a few seconds with increasing reaction temperature and hydrogen pressure. The extracts derived from both coals reveal similar structural parameters.

THE COMPOSITION OF THE LIQUID PRODUCT DERIVED FROM ALBERTA SUBBITUMINUS COAL

The composition of the liquid product derived from the liquefaction of Alberta subbituminous coal has been investigated by a conventional autoclave technique at 420 and 440 C under 85 kg/cm/sup 2/ of initial hydrogen pressure in the presence of 2 to 5 parts of tetralin. The liquid product, as analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, consisted mainly of methylsubstituted naphthalenes, indanes and tetralins, n-paraffins and phenol derivatives with trace amounts of phenanthrene and methylsubstituted acenaphthene, fluorene and dibenzofuran. Included also in the product were 1-methylindane, n-butylbenzene and decalin but which have been identified as derived from tetralin but not from coal. The effect of reaction conditions on the conversion to gas, liquid and SRC is also discussed. 6 references.

Change in the catalyst property during the hydrotreating of blended SRC filtrate.

Change in the catalyst property during the catalytic hydrotreating of a blend of 25 percent SRC and 75 percent creosote oil using 0.1 L/h fixed bed reactor has been studied. The results obtained here can be summarized as follows;1) A decrease of the surface area of the catalyst is mainly ascribed to the coke formation.2) Chemical analysis data of used catalysts show that each mineral component accumulates separately, namely, Iron accumulates more at the top of the catalyst bed, but Ca and Ti seem to be deposited uniformly through the catalyst bed. Si deposition is not observed through the bed in this study.3) The mineral components do not penetrate into the particles of catalyst A which has only micropores in the range 4 to 10 nm, and the deposition of these components is observed only around the outer surface of the catalyst particles. On the other hand, in case of catalyst B which has macropores around 60 nm in addition to the micropores, the mineral components can penetrate into the catalyst particles at the upstream part of the reactor, but it seems to be difficult forthem to penetrate into the catalyst particles at the downstream part of the reactor. This different penetration behavior could be due to the particle size distribution of each mineral component.

Nonsolvent Coal Hydrogenolysis at Short Reaction Time (I)

A laboratory reactor system has been developed for the determination of products obtainable from the flash heating of raw coal in hydrogen at pressures up to 150kg/cm2G.The effects of reaction time, temperature and hydrogen pressure on the conversion and on the properties of the reaction products in the flash hydrogenolysis of Newdell coal (Australia) was examined.The conversion increased with increasing the reaction time and temperature but has shown a tendency to decrease after longer reaction time.The higher temperature and hydrogen pressure were raised, the shorter optimum reaction time, at which maximum extraction yield was obtained.The highest value of conversion was obtained to be 34% (d.a.f. base wt%) at 550°C, 100kg/cm2G of hydrogen and 2sec.