Tri Muji Ermayanti

Somatic Embryo Germination of Jatropha curcas L in Presence of Sucrose and Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG)

Jatropha curcas L. is a potential source of a non-edible biofuel. Conventional propagation of J. curcas technique has some limitations. Somatic embryo can produce a large number of embryos and obtain a large number of plants all year round. Treatment of sucrose in combination with polyethylene glycol (PEG) was proven to enhance germination of somatic embryos in many plant species. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sucrose in combination of PEG on somatic embryo germination in J. curcas. Globular somatic embryos at 0.025-0.030 g fresh weight having 0.4-0.5 cm in diameter were grown on MS medium solidified with 3 g/l of Gelzan supplemented with sucrose at 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/l in combination with PEG at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15%. Results showed that the best medium for germination of J. curcas somatic embryo cultures was MS medium supplemented with 20 and 30 g/l of sucrose in combination with 5% of PEG. The numbers of germinated embryos per clump had significant enhancement on those medium compared with the control (PEG free treatment) (2.65 to 5.65) and (2.55 to 5.50). In addition, those treatments resulted in the highest percentage of clumps forming germinated embryos (100%), with an average of normal germinated embryos at 94.163 and 96.065%. The addition of 40 and 50 g/l of sucrose in combination with 15% of PEG caused all embryos to fail at germinating.

RESPON PADI GOGO TERHADAP PUPUK HAYATI DI LAHAN KERING KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN, SULAWESI TENGGARA

ABSTRACT Formulation of Taro a nd Sweet Potato Composite Flours as Partly Substitution of Wheat Flour in Dried Noodle Making. Taro and sweet potatoes may address food diversification to reduce dependency on wheat flour. This research aimed to determine the best proportion of taro ( Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) and sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) composite flours as partly substitution of wheat flour in dried noodle making based on sensory, physical, and chemical characteristics. The research was conducted in July 2013 in the Postharvest Laboratory of Bali AIAT. In the making of dried noodle, 30% composite flours was replacing wheat flour. Research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 7 treatments of flours proportion and 3 replications per each treatment. Data was analysed using Anova followed by DMRT at 5%. Dried noodle’s characteristics observed included organoleptic properties (color, aroma, flavor, texture, firmness, stickiness), chemical properties (water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate) and physical properties (rehydration time, water absorption, solid loss due to cooking). The results showed that composite flours of taro and sweet potato could substitute 30% wheat flour in the making of dried noodle. The best proportion of composite flours for 30% wheat flour substitution consisted of 80% taro flour and 20% sweet potato. The chemical content of the best dried noodle was, respectively, water 7.30%, ash 1.66%, protein 7.10%, fat 0.32%, and carbohydrate 83.64%; with the physical properties as follow: optimum rehydration time at 3 minutes, water absorption at 318.15% and solid loss due to cooking at 4.31%. Keywords: Taro, sweet potato, flour, physical properties, chemical properties ABSTRAK Tepung keladi dan ubi jalar berpotensi untuk mengganti sebagian kebutuhan tepung terigu yang hingga kini masih bergantung pada impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan proporsi tepung komposit keladi ( Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) dan ubi jalar ( Ipomoea batatas L . ) yang terbaik sebagai pengganti sebagian terigu untuk bahan baku mi kering berdasarkan karakteristik sifat sensoris dan fisiko-kimianya. Penelitian dilakukan pada Juli 2013 di Laboratorium Pascapanen BPTP Bali. Proses pembuatan mi kering, 30% terigu disubtitusi dengan tepung komposit keladi dan ubi jalar. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan formulasi tepung komposit keladi dan ubi jalar dan 3 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf 5%. Karakterisasi yang diamati meliputi sifat organoleptik (warna, aroma, rasa, tekstur, kekenyalan, kelengketan), sifat kimia (air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat) dan sifat fisika (waktu rehidrasi, daya serap air, kehilangan padatan akibat pemasakan (KPAP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tepung komposit keladi dan ubi jalar dapat mensubtitusi 30% terigu dalam pembuatan produk mi kering, dimana proporsi terbaik tepung komposit adalah 80% tepung keladi dan 20% tepung ubi jalar. Mi kering terbaik tersebut memiliki kadar air 7,30%, kadar abu 1,66%, kadar protein 7,10%, kadar lemak 0,32%, dan kadar karbohidrat 83,64%; dengan waktu optimum pemasakan adalah 3,0 menit, DSA 318,15% dan KPAP 4,31%. Kata kunci: Keladi, ubi jalar, tepung, sifat fisika, sifat kimia

In vitro Seed Germination and Shoot Multiplication of Seven Endemic Subalpine and Alpine Plant Species Grown on Mount Jaya, Papua, Indonesia

Exploitation on plant population may put the endemic plants into an endangered state, hence, these plants will need to be conserved. In order to pursue conservation on endemic plants, we conducted in vitro seed germination and shoot multiplication of seven alpine and sub-alpine species endemic to Mount (Mt.) Jaya, in Papua, Indonesia, i.e. Tetramolopium klossii, Deschampsia klossii, Papuacalia cartenszensis, Epilobium hooglandii, Gaultheria novoguinensis, Rhododendron correoides and Rhododendron culminicolum. These species are categorized as slow-growth plants found in higher altitude (over 3700 m above sea level) and low temperature of Mt. Jaya. Seeds were surface-sterilized using Na-hypochloride and germinated aseptically on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Dytikinin benzyl adenine (BA) was used for shoot multiplication. Seedling cultures were maintained in a controlled environment with continuous low light intensity (800 lux) and at temperature 26-27 o C. Results showed that most species had more than 80% of germination rate on MS medium after a week in culture. BA was required to enhance shoots multiplication. Woody Plant (WP) (Lloyd & McCown, 1981) medium gave better shoot multiplication for R. culminicolum.

Antimalaria test of artemisia spp. on Plasmodium falciparum

The testing of inhibiton of Plasmodium falciparum by Artemisia annua , A.cina and A.vulgaris isolate and artemisinin content each of plants was conducted. Artemisia leaves extracted from n-hexane and then separated by column chromatography with n-hexane/ethylacetate as eluent. The column result tested to P.falciparum protozoa. The concentrations of agent were 100, 10, 1 and 0,1 μg/mL using sulphadoxin pyrimetamin as a control positive. Then 50 μl of cell suspension added to agent and incubated at 37 o C for 30 hours and the number of live skizon calculated from 200 parasite asexual. The result showed that the increasing of agent concentration was increasing of parasite death. Percent of death parasite by agent of 100 μg/mL similar with positive control at the concentration of 300 μg/mL and the death by A.annua was 83.77%, A.cina 78.57 and A.vulgaris was 84.90% meanwhile positive control was 88.09%. The highest of artemisinin content found in A.annua was 4.99. Key words : anti-malaria, Plasmodium falciparum , Artemisia spp .

Cytological Analysis of Root Cultures of Artemisia Cina

Artemisia cina is a medicinal plant species producing bioactive compounds which are potential as antitumor, antifungal and antibacterial. The aim of this study was to analyze the stabililY of chromosome number in root cultures of A. cina. Transformed root culture was established by infection of leaves of A. cina with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains 07-20001 . ATCC-15834. A4 and A. tumefaciens strain RlOOO . Roots isolated from glasshouse plants, plantlets grown in solid and liquid MS medium were utilized for investigation of chromosome examination of untransformed roots. Chromosome examination was conducted by squashing method and chromosome numbers were calculated under microscope. The .results showed that both untransformed and transforme root had instability in the chromosome number, but had the modal number of chromosome x=8 with the diploid number of 2n = 4x = 32. Roots isolated from glasshouse plants of A. Cina had 53.7% of cell with the diploid numbers of 2n = 32 and 46.3% of cells had chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 12 to 2n = 64. Untransformed roots isolated from plantlets cultured in solid medw had only 36.1 % or cells with chromo orne number of 2n = 32, and unlran fomled ro t5 grown in liquid medium had 49.4% of cells with 2n = 32. The chromosome numbers of A. Cina transformed roots was affected by trains of Agrobacterium. Root transformed with the bacterium Strain 07 -20001 showed lhe highest in normal chromosome number of 2n = 32 (62.4%) followed by roots lransformed wiLll strains ATCC-15834 (61.9 %). R1000 (43.6%) and A4 (43.0%). The range of the chromosome number untransformed roots was from 2n= 17 to 2n=64 whilst that of transformed roots was from 2n= 1 l to 20=66