Tridib Kumar Sinha

Self-Poled Transparent and Flexible UV Light-Emitting Cerium Complex–PVDF Composite: A High-Performance Nanogenerator

Cerium(III)-N,N-dimethylformamide-bisulfate [Ce(DMF)(HSO4)3] complex is doped into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to induce a higher yield (99%) of the electroactive phases (β- and γ-phases) of PVDF. A remarkable enhancement of the output voltage (∼32 V) of a nanogenerator (NG) based on a nonelectrically poled cerium(III) complex containing PVDF composite film is achieved by simple repeated human finger imparting, whereas neat PVDF does not show this kind of behavior. This high electrical output resembles the generation of self-poled electroactive β-phase in PVDF due to the electrostatic interactions between the fluoride of PVDF and the surface-active positive charge cloud of the cerium complex via H-bonding and/or bipolar interaction among the opposite poles of cerium complex and PVDF, respectively. The capacitor charging capability of the flexible NG promises its applicability as piezoelectric-based energy harvester. The cerium(III) complex doped PVDF composite film exhibit an intense photoluminescence in the UV region, which might be due to a participation of electron cloud from negative pole of bipolarized PVDF. This fact may open a new area for prospective development of high-performance energy-saving flexible solid-state UV light emitters.

Design of In Situ Poled Ce3+-Doped Electrospun PVDF/Graphene Composite Nanofibers for Fabrication of Nanopressure Sensor and Ultrasensitive Acoustic Nanogenerator

We report an efficient, low-cost in situ poled fabrication strategy to construct a large area, highly sensitive, flexible pressure sensor by electrospun Ce(3+) doped PVDF/graphene composite nanofibers. The entire device fabrication process is scalable and enabling to large-area integration. It can able to detect imparting pressure as low as 2 Pa with high level of sensitivity. Furthermore, Ce(3+)-doped PVDF/graphene nanofiber based ultrasensitive pressure sensors can also be used as an effective nanogenerator as it generating an output voltage of 11 V with a current density ∼6 nA/cm(2) upon repetitive application of mechanical stress that could lit up 10 blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) instantaneously. Furthermore, to use it in environmental random vibrations (such as wind flow, water fall, transportation of vehicles, etc.), nanogenerator is integrated with musical vibration that exhibits to power up three blue LEDs instantly that promises as an ultrasensitive acoustic nanogenerator (ANG). The superior sensing properties in conjunction with mechanical flexibility, integrability, and robustness of nanofibers enabled real-time monitoring of sound waves as well as detection of different type of musical vibrations. Thus, ANG promises to use as an ultrasensitive pressure sensor, mechanical energy harvester, and effective power source for portable electronic and wearable devices.

Graphene-Silver-Induced Self-Polarized PVDF-Based Flexible Plasmonic Nanogenerator Toward the Realization for New Class of Self Powered Optical Sensor

Plasmonic characteristics of graphene-silver (GAg) nanocomposite coupled with piezoelectric property of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) have been utilized to realize a new class of self-powered flexible plasmonic nanogenerator (PNG). A few layer graphene has been prepared in a facile and cost-effective method and GAg doped PVDF hybrid nanocomposite (PVGAg) is synthesized in a one-pot method. The PNG exhibits superior piezoelectric energy conversion efficiency (∼15%) under the dark condition. The plasmonic behavior of GAg nanocomposite makes the PNG highly responsive to the visible light illumination that leads to ∼50% change in piezo-voltage and ∼70% change in piezo-current, leading to enhanced energy conversion efficiency up to ∼46.6%. The piezoelectric throughput of PNG (e.g., capacitor charging performance) has been monitored during the detection of the different wavelengths of visible light illumination and showed maximum selectivity to the green light. The simultaneous mechanical energy harvesting and visible-light detection capabilities of the PNG are attractive for futuristic self-powered optoelectronic smart sensors and devices.

An Effective Electrical Throughput from PANI Supplement ZnS Nanorods and PDMS-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Power up Portable Electronic Devices: An Alternative of MWCNT Filler.

We demonstrate the requirement of electrical poling can be avoided in flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (FPNGs) made of low-temperature hydrothermally grown wurtzite zinc sulfide nanorods (ZnS-NRs) blended with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It has been found that conductive fillers, such as polyaniline (PANI) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), can subsequently improve the overall performance of FPNG. A large electrical throughput (open circuit voltage ∼35 V with power density ∼2.43 μW/cm(3)) from PANI supplement added nanogenerator (PZP-FPNG) indicates that it is an effective means to replace the MWCNTs filler. The time constant (τ) estimated from the transient response of the capacitor charging curves signifying that the FPNGs are very much capable to charge the capacitors in very short time span (e.g., 3 V is accomplished in 50 s) and thus expected to be perfectly suitable in portable, wearable and flexible electronics devices. We demonstrate that FPNG can instantly lit up several commercial Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) (15 red, 25 green, and 55 blue, individually) and power up several portable electronic gadgets, for example, wrist watch, calculator, and LCD screen. Thus, a realization of potential use of PANI in low-temperature-synthesized ZnS-NRs comprising piezoelectric based nanogenerator fabrication is experimentally verified so as to acquire a potential impact in sustainable energy applications. Beside this, wireless piezoelectric signal detection possibility is also worked out where a concept of self-powered smart sensor is introduced.

Erratum to: Enhanced and Selective Photodetection Using Graphene-Stabilized Hybrid Plasmonic Silver Nanoparticles

We report the fabrication and characteristics of a novel graphene-Ag0 hybrid plasmonic nanostructure-based photodetector exhibiting moderately high responsivity (∼28 mA/W) and spectral selectivity (∼510 nm) in the visible wavelength. The formation of highly stable Ag0 nanoparticles with an average size of 40 nm is observed within the graphene layers, resulting in n-type doping of hybrid material. The absorption peak of graphene-Ag0 hybrid is redshifted to the visible wavelength (∼510 nm) from the plasmonic Ag peak (∼380 nm) in agreement with the optical simulation results for embedded metal nanoparticles. The study demonstrates the synergistic effect of the graphene-metal nanocomposite, which appears attractive for applications in graphene-based photonic devices.

Porous polymer composite membrane based nanogenerator: A realization of self-powered wireless green energy source for smart electronics applications

An efficient, flexible and unvaryingly porous polymer composite membrane based nanogenerator (PPCNG) without any electrical poling treatment has been realised as wireless green energy source to power up smart electronic gadgets. Owing to self-polarized piezo- and ferro-electretic phenomenon of in situ platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) doped porous poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)–membrane, a simple, inexpensive and scalable PPCNG fabrication is highlighted. The molecular orientations of the -CH2/-CF2 dipoles that cause self-polarization phenomenon has been realized by angular dependent near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The square-like hysteresis loop with giant remnant polarization, Pru2009∼u200968u2009μC/cm2 and exceptionally high piezoelectric charge coefficient, d33u2009∼u2009 − 836 pC/N promises a best suited ferro- and piezo-electretic membrane. The PPCNG exhibits a high electrical throughput such as, ranging from 2.7u2009V to 23u2009V of open-circuit voltage (Voc) and 2.9u2009μA to 24.7u2009μA of sho...

Low fucose containing bacterial polysaccharide facilitate mitochondria-dependent ROS-induced apoptosis of human lung epithelial carcinoma via controlled regulation of MAPKs-mediated Nrf2/Keap1 homeostasis signaling

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the key mediators of cellular oxidative stress and redox dysregulation involved in cancer initiation and progression, have recently emerged as promising targets for anticancer drug discovery. Continuous free radical assault upsets homeostasis in cellular redox system and regulates the associated signaling pathways to mediate stress‐induced cell death. This study investigates the dose‐specific pro‐oxidative behavior of a bacterial fucose polysaccharide, which attenuated proliferation of different cancer cells. In the fermentation process, Bacillus megaterium RB‐05 [GenBank Accession Number HM371417] was found to biosynthesize a polysaccharide with low‐fucose content (4.9%), which conferred the maximum anti‐proliferative activity (750u2009µg/mL) against human lung cancer epithelial cells (A549) during preliminary screening. Structural elucidation and morphological characterization of the duly purified polysaccharide was done using HPLC, GC‐MS, 1H/13C NMR, and microscopy. The polysaccharide exhibited concentration‐ and time‐dependent anti‐proliferative effects against A549 cells by inducing intracellular ROS level and regulating the mitochondrial membrane‐permeability following the apoptotic pathway. This process encompasses activation of caspase‐8/9/3/7, increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 ratio, translocation of Bcl2‐associated X protein (Bax) and cytochrome c, decrease in expression of anti‐apoptotic members of Bcl2 family, and phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Apoptosis was attenuated upon pretreatment with specific caspase‐inhibitors. Simultaneously, during apoptosis, the ROS‐mediated stress as well as activated MAPKs triggered nuclear translocation of transcription factors like nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived)‐like 2 (Nrf2) and promoted further transcription of downstream cytoprotective genes, which somehow perturbed the chemotherapeutic efficacy of the polysaccharide, although using CuPP, a chemical inhibitor of HO‐1, apoptosis increased significantly (Pu2009<u20090.05).

Cerium(III) Complex Modified Gold Electrode: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Exploring efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the oxidation of water is of great importance for various electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies. In the present study, a new water-soluble [Ce(III)(DMF) (HSO4)3] complex was synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, photoluminescence, and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Owing to classic 5d → 4f transitions, an intense photoluminescence in the UV region was observed from the water-soluble [Ce(III)(DMF) (HSO4)3] complex. A stacking electrode was designed where self-assembled l-cysteine monolayer modified gold was immobilized with the synthesized cerium complex and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The resulting electrode, i.e., [Ce(III)(DMF) (HSO4)3]-l-cysteine-Au stacks shows high electrocatalytic water oxidation behavior at an overpotential of η ≈ 0.34 V under neutral pH conditions. We also demonstrated a way where the overpotential is possible to decrease upon irradiation of UV light.

Soft and Flexible Bilayer Thermoplastic Polyurethane Foam for Development of Bioinspired Artificial Skin

Inspired by the epidermis-dermis composition of human skin, here we have simply developed a lightweight, robust, flexible, and biocompatible single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG)-based prototype of bilayer artificial skin, by attaching one induction electrode with unfoamed skin layer of microcellular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam, which shows high-performance object manipulation [by responding differently toward different objects, viz., aluminum foil, balloon, cotton glove, human finger, glass, rubber glove, artificial leather, polyimide, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), paper, and wood], due to electrification and electrostatic induction during contact with the objects having different chemical functionalities. Comparative foaming behavior of ecofriendly supercritical fluids, viz., CO2 over N2 under variable temperatures (e.g., 130 and 150 °C) and constant pressure (15 MPa), have been examined here to pursue the soft and flexible triboelectric TPU foam. The foam derived by CO2 foaming at 150 °C has been prioritized for development of S-TENG. Foam derived by CO2 foaming at 130 °C did not respond as well due to the smaller cell size, higher hardness, and thicker skin. Inflexible N2-derived foam was not considered for S-TENG fabrication. Object manipulation performance has been visualized by principal component analysis (PCA), which shows good discrimination among responses to different objects.

Development of novel polymeric sensors for taste sensing: Electronic tongue

Novel polymer membranes, viz., hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HDTC) modified poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), PVA-co-ethylene (EVOH), crosslinked and phosphorylated PVA with active ionic functional sites have been developed for sensing of five basic tastes, viz., sourness, saltiness, bitterness, sweetness, etc. as well as of tea and mineral water with good stability and reproducibility.