Trilok Chandra Goel

My Tryst of Writing and Publishing a Comprehensive Medical Textbook in Vernacular Hindi and New Hindi Medical Terminology

In India, although the native language is not English but the medical education is imparted in English. The authors have written a textbook of surgery in Hindi with the intention of promoting the understanding of surgery and encouraging reflective and deep learning for students whose native language is Hindi. In this article, the authors share experiences of writing such a book, the reasons for the same and also discuss the creation of new medical nomenclature in Hindi.

Hydrocele of Tunica Vaginalis Testis

The word hydrocele is made of two Greek words: “hydro,” which means water, and “kele,” which means tumor (swelling). It is an accumulation of excessive amounts of transudate or watery (serous) fluid in the sac of tunica vaginalis. It is the most commonly observed chronic clinical manifestation of lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti (Figs. 19.1 and 19.2) (Ahorlu et al. 2001), and more than 80 % hydroceles in tropical countries are due to filarial infection. It is not usually seen in brugian filariasis (both Brugia malayi and Brugia timori).

Chronic Lymphedema–Elephantiasis

The term lymphedema, which is synonymous with lymphatic edema, means a swelling of some part of the body due to a fault in the local lymphatic system (Kinmonth 1982).

Treatment and Prognosis

The prompt removal of a recently infected patient from the endemic area almost always results in relief in symptoms and signs in early disease (Tanagho and Kane 2013).

Clinical Manifestations of Filariasis

The lymphatic filariasis manifests itself in a variety of subclinical and clinical manners.

Chylous Manifestations (Syndromes) of Lymphatic Filariasis (Filarial Chylous Disease)

The filarial infection may affect the chyle-bearing lymphatic pathways and disturb the normal flow of chyle producing some clinical manifestations (syndromes) which are being described in this chapter.

Filarial Manifestations of Female Breast

The breast is not commonly affected by lymphatic filarial infection. When it is involved, it is usually bancroftian filarial infection.

Chylous Arthritis (Filarial Arthropathy)

Synovial effusion is defined as chylous when it contains greater than 800/100 mL of lipids in it (Borges et al. 2015). The creamy aspect of fluid results from intra-articular fat emulsification caused by lysosomal enzymes and other synovial proteins (White et al. 1985).

Acute Filarial Lymphangitis (AFL)

Recently, two syndromes of acute filarial attacks in the extremities are described, and they include acute filarial lymphangitis (AFL) and acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) (Dreyer et al. 1999). The details of these two syndromes are given in this chapter.

Very Rare Manifestations

Pericardial involvement in filariasis is very rare. Two types of pericardial lesions have been reported, i.e., pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis (Mukherji 1963; Chakravarty and Gupta 1966; Sinha and Charan 1971; Charan and Sinha 1973; Reddy and Balsunderan 1977).