Tsubasa Tobase

Temperature dependence of Zr and Ti K-edge XANES spectra for para- and ferro-electric perovskite-type PbZrO3, PbTiO3 and BaTiO3

Zr and Ti K-edge XANES spectra of PbZrO3, PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 perovskite-type compounds were measured in the temperature range from 10K to 850K. Quantitative comparisons for the near-edge spectra were performed in a wide temperature range using the absorption intensity invariant point (AIIP) standardization. Clear temperature dependence for pre-edge shoulder is identified by the calculating the temperature difference of the XANES spectrum intensity. Decrease of pre-edge shoulder and peak intensity is observed only in the para- and ferro-electric phases and draw curves, not straight lines. The gradients for shoulder and pre-edge peak intensity are rich in a variety. The decrease in absorption of pre-edge peak and shoulder is speculated due to the shift from the off-centre position of the Zr atom with respect to the oxygen octahedron to center position. The Zr ion in the PbZrO3 para-electric phase has same temperature behaviors of Ti ions in the ferroelectric perovskite.

XAFS study on Ca local structure in natural glasses and tektite

The local structures of tektite and natural glasses were studied by Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) in order to provide quantitative data on bonding distances and coordination numbers. The pre-edge peak intensities of tektites are 10.7-11.7%, and those of peudotachylite, Kirauea volcanic glass, impactite, pitchstone and perlite are 6.7–10.9%. The main peak shoulder intensities of tektites are 68.3–70.7%, and other natural glasses are 63.0–63.9%. XAFS analysis indicated all tektites possess 7-coordinated Ca, but natural glasses possess 6-, 7- and 8- coordinated Ca. This study indicated that different petrogenesis of natural glasses gives different local structures of calcium.

Local structures of Ca, Ti, Fe in shergottite fusion glass

Tsubasa Tobase1, Massimo Nespolo2, Akira Yoshiasa3, Hidetomo Hongu3, Hiroshi Isobe3, Maki Okube4, Hiroshi Arima4, Kazumasa Sugiyama4 1Graduated School Of Science And Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan, 2Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France, 3Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan, 4Institute for Material and Research, Tohoku university, Sendai, Japan E-mail: 155d9009@st.kumamoto-u.ac.jp

Local structures of Ca, Ti and Fe in meteorite fusion crusts

The local structures of meteorite fusion crusts were studied by Ca, Ti and Fe K-edge XANES and EXAFS spectroscopy. The surface of meteorites were melted and volatilized with extreme high temperature and large temperature gradient when meteorites were rushed into atmosphere. This study indicated that meteorite fusion crusts have unique local structures. The local structures of fusion crusts differ from tektites especially in intensity of the shoulder in the rising flank of the edge in Ca XANES spectra. It is consistent with chemical composition change by the volatilization of Si at fusion during atmospheric entry. The high estimated Fe3+/ (Fe2++Fe3+) ratio in meteorite fusion crusts indicates that meteorite fusion crusts are formed into atmospheric oxidation condition. The Ca-O distances in meteorite fusion crusts are 2.612.66 A and are extremely longer than in other natural glasses. The fusion crusts have unique local structure since they experienced extremely high temperature and short quenching time. The XAFS method is effective in distinction of meteorite fusion crusts and classification of natural glass.

Weathering and precipitation after meteorite impact of Ni, Cr, Fe, Ca and Mn in K-T boundary clays from Stevns Klint

Ni, Cr, Fe, Ca and Mn K-edge XANES and EXAFS spectra were measured on K-T boundary clays from Stevns Klint in Denmark. According to XANES spectra and EXAFS analyses, the local structures of Ni, Cr and Fe in K-T boundary clays is similar to Ni(OH)2, Cr2O3 and FeOOH, respectively. It is assumed that the Ni, Cr and Fe elements in impact related glasses is changing into stable hydrate and oxide by the weathering and diagenesis at the surface of the Earth. Ca in K-T boundary clays maintains the diopside-like structure. Local structure of Ca in K-T clays seems to keep information on the condition at meteorite impact. Mn has a local structure like MnCO3 with divalent state. It is assumed that the origin on low abundant of Mn in the Fe-group element in K-T clays was the consumption by life activity and the diffusion to other parts.