Tsung-Hsun Yang

Brightness management in a direct LED backlight for LCD TVs

— A method of calculating the luminance and luminance uniformity of a bottom LED backlight is proposed and demonstrated. Both the power consumption and brightness uniformity as a function of screen brightness, screen size, backlight thickness, transmittance of the LCD panel, reflective cavity efficiency, gain, cone angle of the enhancement films, LED array configuration, and the average luminous flux, radiation pattern, and input power of individual LEDs. Moreover, a 42-in. LCD TV using this backlight design approach was fabricated. The bottom backlight incorporates an array of RGGB 4-in-1 multi-chip LEDs within a highly reflective box behind a diffuser and a dual brightness-enhancement film. The brightness uniformity can be predicted within an accuracy of 94% and the luminance level within an accuracy of 96%.

High-Efficiency White LED Packaging With Reduced Phosphor Concentration

In this letter, important factors for white light emitting diodes (LED) packaging, including lens encapsulation, reflectivity of cavity reflectors, and phosphor concentration are studied. Simulation as well as the corresponding experiment shows that reflectivity of the reflectors in packaging cavity is more effective than lens encapsulation to reach high efficiency. Besides, a white LED packaging without lens encapsulation but with high reflectivity of cavity reflectors may increase interaction possibility between blue photons and the phosphor so that the phosphor concentration can be reduced to meet the requested correlated color temperature.

A Guided Mode Resonance Aptasensor for Thrombin Detection

Recent developments in aptamers have led to their widespread use in analytical and diagnostic applications, particularly for biosensing. Previous studies have combined aptamers as ligands with various sensors for numerous applications. However, merging the aptamer developments with guided mode resonance (GMR) devices has not been attempted. This study reports an aptasensor based home built GMR device. The 29-mer thrombin aptamer was immobilized on the surface of a GMR device as a recognizing ligand for thrombin detection. The sensitivity reported in this first trial study is 0.04 nm/μM for thrombin detection in the concentration range from 0.25 to 1 μM and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.19 μM. Furthermore, the binding affinity constant (Ka) measured is in the range of 106 M−1. The investigation has demonstrated that such a GMR aptasensor has the required sensitivity for the real time, label-free, in situ detection of thrombin and provides kinetic information related to the binding.

Precise Simulation of Spectrum for Green Emitting Phosphors Pumped by a Blue LED Die

This paper proposes an effective approach for spectrum shaping in the optical modeling of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in which overlapping of the absorption and emission spectra of the phosphor are considered. The spectrum shaping method was applied to explore the wavelength-dependent absorption effect and reabsorption by the green phosphor. The experimental results indicated that the adjustment factor for blue light can enable the blue light spectrum to fit well with the measured spectrum. The adjustment factor was linearly related to the transmission ratio of the blue light. The blue light emitted by the blue die and the green light emitted by the phosphor were simulated and predicted in an accurate way as compared with the experimental measurements. The enhanced accuracy in assessing the spectra resulted in enhanced precision of chromaticities. In the experiments, the color differences were one order smaller in CIE 1931 chromaticity (Δx, Δy) than in models without spectrum shaping and were almost imperceptible to the human eye. The novel optical modeling of green phosphor pumped by a blue die facilitates the application of these materials in high-color rendering in white LEDs and projection displays.

Study of Temperature Distribution Within pc-WLEDs Using the Remote-Dome Phosphor Package

Both theoretical and simulation approaches were used to obtain the thermal power and temperature distribution in phosphor-converted white LEDs (pc-WLEDs) using a remote-dome phosphor package (RDPP). Different material and geometric parameters were systematically and thoroughly studied. An experiment was performed to measure the temperature distribution in an RDPP pc-WLED, which confirmed the simulation results. Given practical limitations of the material parameters, the most feasible method to reduce the phosphor temperature is to extend the dome radius and the thickness of the phosphor region.

Sensitive metal layer assisted guided mode resonance biosensor with a spectrum inversed response and strong asymmetric resonance field distribution

In this paper, a metal layer assisted guide mode resonance (MaGMR) device with high sensitivity is proposed for bioanalytical applications and its functioning is experimentally proved. We find that the reflection spectra present a unique inversed response. The resonance mechanism is also discussed. Numerical calculation results indicate that the high sensitivity performance of MaGMR comes from the strongly asymmetric resonance modal profile and low propagation angle inside the waveguide. There is a one-fold enhancement of the evanescent wave in the analytes region compared to typical GMR. According to the experimental results, the proposed MaGMR achieved a bulk sensitivity of 376.78 nm/RIU in fundamental TM mode resonating at 0.809 μm with the first diffraction angle. Experiment results show a 264.78% enhancement in the sensitivity compared to that of the typical GMR sensor in the same resonance conditions of TM mode.

Direct LED backlight for large area LCD TVs: brightness analysis

A direct or bottom LED backlight is a key concept in large area LCD displays because it does not use a light guide, is flat, and is easy to assemble. In this paper, a method of luminance management for a bottom LED backlight is proposed and demonstrated. We analytically calculate both the power consumption and brightness uniformity in function of: screen brightness, screen size, backlight thickness, transmittance of the LCD panel, reflective cavity efficiency, gain and cone angle of enhancement films, LED array configuration, and the average luminous flux and radiation pattern of a single LED. Moreover, a 42-inch LCD television with this backlight design approach is made and demonstrated. The bottom backlight incorporates an array of RGGB 4-in-1 multi-chip LEDs within a highly reflective box behind a diffuser and a dual brightness enhancement film. We predict with an accuracy of 94% the brightness uniformity and with 96% the luminance level.

Study of temperature distributions in pc-WLEDs with different phosphor packages

Phosphor converted white LEDs (pc-WLED) with different geometries, namely remote-dome, remote-plate, half-dome, and conformal-coating packages, were studied using simulations to obtain the thermal power and the temperature distribution. The results of an experiment carried out to measure the temperature distribution in these pc-WLEDs validate the simulation results. A hotspot always occurs in the phosphor region. The conformal-coating package is the most feasible choice to reduce the hotspot temperature comparing with the other geometries.

Development of a human eye model incorporated with intraocular scattering for visual performance assessment

A biometry-based human eye model was developed by using the empirical anatomic and optical data of ocular parameters. The gradient refractive index of the crystalline lens was modeled by concentric conicoid isoindical surfaces and was adaptive to accommodation and age. The chromatic dispersion of ocular media was described by Cauchy equations. The intraocular scattering model was composed of volumetric Mie scattering in the cornea and the crystalline lens, and a diffusive-surface model at the retina fundus. The retina was regarded as a Lambertian surface and was assigned its corresponding reflectance at each wavelength. The optical performance of the eye model was evaluated in CodeV and ASAP and presented by the modulation transfer functions at single and multiple wavelengths. The chromatic optical powers obtained from this model resembled that of the average physiological eyes. The scattering property was assessed by means of glare veiling luminance and compared with the CIE general disability glare equation. By replacing the transparent lens with a cataractous lens, the disability glare curve of cataracts was generated to compare with the normal disability glare curve. This model has high potential for investigating visual performance in ordinary lighting and display conditions and under the influence of glare sources.

Linear calculation model for prediction of color rendering index performance associated with correlated color temperature of white light-emitting diodes with two phosphors

Linear calculation models are proposed and demonstrated to evaluate the color rendering index (CRI) performance associated with the correlated color temperature (CCT) of a white light emitting diode with two phosphors. All the three proposed models are simple and easy, and the error in predicting the CRI is within 1, while the deviation of the CCT is around 300 K and less. Such models can be useful in evaluating the chromatic performance of a specific recipe with two phosphors.