Tsutomu Ito

Some properties of k -neighborhood Template A -type two-dimensional bounded cellular acceptors

In this paper, we investigate multi-dimensional computational model, k-neighborhood template A-type three-dimensional bounded cellular acceptor on four-dimensional tapes, and discuss some basic properties. This model consists of a pair of a converter and a configuration-reader. The former converts the given four-dimensional tape to three-dimensional configuration. The latter determines whether or not the derived three-dimensional configuration is accepted, and concludes the acceptance or non-acceptance of given four-dimensional tape. We mainly investigate some open problems about k-neighborhood template A-type three-dimensional bounded cellular acceptor on four-dimensional tapes whose configuration-readers are L(m) space-bounded deterministic (nondeterministic) three-dimensional Turing machines.

The TCE-RBV Framework for Information Systems Outsourcing: Empirical Testing using Survey Data in Japan

This paper investigates the factors that influence the motives of make-or-buy decisions on information systems from the viewpoints of Transaction cost economics (TCE) and the resource-based view (RBV). Using our original questionnaire survey data carried out in 2007 targeting Japanese firms, we analyze the relationships between the recognition related to the role of their information systems and the pattern of their make-or-buy decisions. As a result, we make it clear that there are two cases in which TCE-motive and RBV-motive are complement or contradictory each other. And in latter case, TCE-motive tends to dominate over RBV-motive. Finally, the implications for theory and practice are discussed.

k-Neighborhood Template A-Type Two-Dimensional Bounded Cellular Acceptors

In this paper, we deal with three-dimensional computational model, k-neighborhood template A-type twodimensional bounded cellular acceptor on three-dimensional tapes, and discuss some basic properties. This model consists of a pair of a converter and a configuration-reader. The former converts the given three-dimensional tape to two-dimensional configuration. The latter determines whether or not the derived two-dimensional configuration is accepted, and concludes the acceptance or non-acceptance of given three-dimensional tape. We mainly investigate some open problems about k-neighborhood template A-type two-dimensional bounded cellular acceptor on threedimensional tapes whose configuration-readers are L(m) space-bounded deterministic (nondeterministic) twodimensional Turing machines.

Measuring Efficiency using Dynamic Network-Based Data Envelopment Analysis

Enhancing efficiency is a critical objective of corporate management. While numerous approaches to measure efficiency have been devised, this manuscript suggests a new method referred to as dynamic network-based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a more advanced procedure for examining transaction priorities in any network based organization. Using dynamic network-based DEA it is possible to detect system-wide impacts when marginal systemic changes occur. This newer method was tested using data drawn from Mazda’s Yokokai keiretsu to illustrate the effect that transactions among member firms in the network have on sales revenues. The finding of the study are discussed based on which managerial implications in the formulation of corporate strategy are proffered. Study drawbacks are identified and avenues for future research are suggested.

Fragility in Network Systems: An Empirical Investigation

A survey of the relevant literature reveals that a plethora of network analytic facets, such as degree, eigenvalue, density, block, cluster, have been developed and employed to further our understanding of network structures. To extend our understanding of network systems, additional dimensions need to be identified that shed light on the dynamic processes among individual member nodes within network structures. Within the context of network systems, this paper proposes a new concept of fragility. More specifically, it develops and empirically tests a mathematical model of fragility from the standpoint of how ties among network members significantly influence corporate performance, thus uniquely contributing to extant knowledge. Using data drawn from two well-known network organizations, Mazda and Toyota, this research attempts to shed light on the relationship between degree and fragility, to confirm the validity of the new concept as well as enabling a contrast of Mazda and Toyota’s network structures. Based on the findings, the managerial implications are discussed, the study limitations are identified and directions for further research are suggested.

Momentum and Its Implications in Corporate Management

The current manuscript reviews the literature associated with corporate strategy, and proposes a new approach of acceleration to measure momentum based on limited cycle theory. Thus, this research manuscript makes a contribution to extant thought by: 1) Defining momentum, 2) Discussing the nature of the relationship between momentum to its external environment, and company scale, 3) Ascertaining the momentum period, and 4) Proposing a four-cell model composed of momentum and company scale for judging a firm’s position. Additionally, the relationship between momentum and the impact of 2007-2008 financial crises is addressed. Based on the findings, the study limitations are identified and directions for further research are suggested.

An Empirical Research on Inter-firm Capital Relationship in Yokokai Using IDE Spatial Model

This paper introduces recent fundamental modifications to the Japanese alliance system known as the keiretsu, and analyses how these changes have affected corporate performance. More specially, the performance of Japanese auto manufacturers, such as Toyota, Nissan and others, has significantly improved due to sophisticated production system technologies, highly productive workers, and recurring transaction relationships with their network family partners. After economic bubble of the 1990s, the strong ties between automobile makers and their supplier partners experienced significant changes, which are known as “keiretsu loosening”. Consequently, what is the status quo of automotive keiretsus? Does cross-shareholding, which is one specific form of capital relationship in keiretsu, still contribute to improving corporate performance? To answer these questions, this research reports the results of a study that collected data on cross-shareholdings to shed light on the relationship between inter-firm capital relationship and corporate performance. The findings of this empirical investigation reveal that: (1) Keiretsu is a flexible, highly adaptive organizational form; its scale changes in response to economic situations; (2) Capital relationships still remain a significant determinant of increasing profits for keiretsu partners even after the bubble burst in the 1990s.