Tsutomu Sasagawa

Proceedings of the 23rd Autumn Meeting from October 14–16, 1981-Yonago City, Tottori, Japan

The methodology currently used in the field of physiology of intestinal absorption was reviewed and important progresses in our knowledge of mechanisms of intestinal absorption brought about by introduction of new methods were also summarized. The physiological methods currently employed can cover a broad range of investigations from those at an organ level, e.g. perfusion of intestinal segments, to those at a molecular level, e.g. transport studies in reconstituted systems with purified membrane proteins. By these methods, Na +-dependent mechanism of uphill uptake of various organic solutes and electrolytes across the brush border membrane have been largely clarified and active transport of various solutes is now explained on the basis of the concept of the secondary active transport. The mechanism of exit of solutes from the enterocytes have also been investigated in isolated cell suspensions and purified basolateral membrane vesicles, and some carriers responsible for the exit have been characterized. The charge transfer associated with organic solute transport has been studied by electrophysiological techniques. These studies indicate that organic solutes induce a Na + pathway and resultant Na + flow across the membrane causes a coupled flow of the cosubstrate. A relatively new problem is the transport of small peptides in intact form. Its physiological significance, comparative and developmental aspects are now under investigation in several laboratories. Vira l hepatitismRecent advances of its fundamental research

Pathophysiology of malabsorption syndrome

ConclusionAs the results of a study on the pathophysiology of steatorrhea from the point of view of gastrointestinal hormones, it was suggested that gastrointestinal hormones, as yet unidentified, particularly gastrin and G/S ratio played a role in the pathogenesis of steatorrhea in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The patients with group I and III pancreatitis showed a similar pattern, and a few new findings were achieved.

The endocrine cells in the human gastric fundus and rectum. an electron microscope study

An experimental study was carried our for the purpose of investigating the relationship between endogeneous histamine metabolism and the liver in the mechanism of gastric secretion. Materials used were rats with injured liver by carbon tetrachloride and normal rats, and they were divided into two groups respectively. The first group of the liver-injured rats and normal ones were injected subcutaneously histamiue hydrochloride, gastrin, reserpine and compound 48/80 as an accelerant to gastric secretion. The follow-up observation of the effects of these accerelants on the materials revealed that they were marked in the changes of the number of degranulated mast cells and histamine contents in the grandular stomach and the pH of gastric juice in rats with injured liver. On the other hand, there were not much differences in these changes between the liver-injured and normal rats of the second group which were obsverved under the stress of fasting and restraint. In both the first and second groups a larger number of degranulated mast cells and histamine contents in the grandular stomach and a lower p i t of gastric juice were noted in the liver-injured rats.

Clinical application of lactase preparates

Disaccharidase activities of the intestinal mucosa in Japanese adults (30 cases) were measured by the Dahlqvist s method, a l though it was already reported tha t milk intolerance were prevalent in the colored race. The activities of mul tase and sucrase were not so much different from Europian s , but the activities of lactase indicated distinctly the lower level, namely 22 of 30 cases showed less than 0.5 unit/g, wet wt.. Lactose 50g. tolerance test (L.T.T.) studied in 24 cases induced diarrhea in 20 cases, but no elevation of blood sugar more than 20mg./dl . except one case. Comparing with this result, glucose 25g. plus galactose 25 g. tolerance test induced blood sugar elevation without diarrhea (mean elevating blood sugar value were 32 mg./dl.) Then, we observed the effects of lactase preparates, containing 3-D-Galactosidase 20,000 ONPG uni t /mg. , both in vitro and in vivo. 1 : in vitro ; 5 g. of preparate hydrolysed 100 per cent of lactose 50 g. after 30 minutes operation. 2: in vitro; 1 g. of preparate hydrolysed 99 per cent of lactose 8 g., contained in caw milk 200 ml., after 40 minutes operation. 3: in vivo; L.T.T. with 5 g of this preparate on 20 cases. At this time, addition of bicarbonate of soda 1 g. and bicarbonate of calcium 1 g. was effective to prevent inactivating action of gastric juice. As a result of this test, diarrhea were found only 7 of 20 cases, and the blood sugar elevation over 20mg./dl . were found in 13 of 20 cases (the degree of elevation value ranged 8-65mg./dl. , mean 26mg./dl .) . 4 : in vivo ; Lactase I g., bicarbonate of soda 0.5 g. and bicarbonate of calcium 0.5 g. with 180 ml. of hot caw milk were prescripted to 21 cases who had the history of milk intolerance. As a result, 12 cases did not complain any discomfort and were still asymptomatic , and 7 cases complained slight abdominal discomfort with the reduction of diarrhea, and 2 cases were ineffective. From these facts, it is comfirmed that lactase preparates by mouth are effective for its sufficient digestive action to ingested lactose, and also effective to milk intolerant subjects, and clinical application of this drug is expected as one of digestive enzyme preparates.

Nonspecific primary chronic ulcer in the small intestine

original change is also ulcer. Thus it can be noted that gastric ulcer is one of the most important original changes of gastric cancer. In the tissue of all of the follicular gastri t is , the muscularis mucosae remained almost intact, and so if its original change is ulcer, it may be shallow ulcer. In one case the glands, which are surrounded with lymphocytes, are atrophic and degenerated, and so it is not always to say that its original change is ulcer.

Primary nonspecific chronic ulceration of small intestine report of two cases in sisters

1. In first infected rabbi ts showed foreign body reaction in t issue around the worm body. 2. In second infected rabbi ts demonstra ted the severe allergic reaction in tissue. 3. Degenerat ion process of worm body were more rapidly in reinfected rabbi ts than first infected. 4, Allergic reaction in immunized same rabbi t were more rapidly in intes t ine than stomach, 5. The resul t of exper imenta l studies showed a lmost the same reaction in human Anisakiasis,