Tsuyoshi Hatori

Discourse Analysis of Public Debates Using Corpus Linguistic Methodologies

The aim of this study is to develop a computational method of discourse analysis based on corpus semantics. The objective is to achieve an accurate understanding of the debate content and structure through hypotheses generation. As for verifying the hypotheses, the topic extraction and semantic similarity evaluation from the public debate minute corpus is examined by using a multimethod which includes TFIDF, T-VSM, and MDS. The main issue of public debate and the inconsistency level between participants’ utterance could be described by using the method. The methodology presented in this study is applied to a case example. Finally, the applicability of the proposed methodology to practical debates is discussed.

Third Party Reviews and Trust Formation

This paper formulates a subjective trust game in order to investigate the trust formation processes between a truster and a trustee, who have different cognitive schemes. Furthermore, as the institutional designs to build a trust relationship between them, alternative forms of third party reviews, i.e., (1) a single reviewer, (2) multiple reviewers, (3) multiple reviewers with interpreters, are presented. Especially, an optimal composition of reviewers in the third party is examined for the mechanism of checks and balances among the members to be worked well.

Social capital and regional learning governance: a Japanese perspective

Many rural areas in Japan now face serious problems, characterized by depopulation, a lack of young people, and a decline in community activities. The aim of this chapter is to articulate an entrepreneurial approach in Japan, with some leading examples such as constituting a possible new way for regional actors to revitalize declining rural areas through learning and collaboration. Public–private partnerships between the government and voluntary associations in an entrepreneurial approach are considered as new trends to reform social capital, and the question of how voluntary associations can be accountable to the government for an entrepreneurial program is addressed. Regional learning governance to promote an entrepreneurial approach is also discussed, and the characteristics of legitimacy capital, as a part of social capital in a business context, are examined. It is claimed that legitimacy capital plays an important role in effectively managing conflicts concerning regional development by promoting an alignment of the various interests and opinions of regional agents within a socially legitimate framework.

Meta-ignorance on earthquake fire and mitigating effects by presentation of disaster simulation

This study refers to our lack of cognition about the limit of our own presumption ragarding natural disasters as meta-ignorance. It investigated how people tend to suffer from meta-ignorance regarding fire disaster occurred due to earthquake and then examined the effect of disaster simulation to mitigate the meta-ignorance. The result indicated the phenomenon of meta-ignorance: those who underestimate the level of the earthquake fire hazards tend to underestimate the possibility of occurrence of situations exceeding his or her estimation. It was also found that meta-recognition regarding ones own presumption about earthquake fire was associated negatively with the tendency of dependence on government for disaster prevention. Furthermore, it was shown that the presentation of disaster simulation has an effect to reduce the tendency of meta-ignorance. Language: ja

Regional learning and trust formation

The contributions in this volume extend our understanding about the different ways distance impacts the knowledge conversion process. Knowledge itself is a raw input into the innovation process which can then transform it into an economically useful output such as prototypes, patents, licences and new companies. New knowledge is often tacit and thus tends to be highly localized, as indeed is the conversion process. Consequently, as the book demonstrates, space or distance matter significantly in the transformation of raw knowledge into beneficial knowledge.

Facet Decomposition and Discouse Analysis: Visualization of Conflict Structure

Public debate has become an important process in the planning of public projects where stakeholders including citizens, experts, enterprises, and administrators meet face-to-face to discuss the desirability of a public project in its early planning stages. The roles of public debate are: to clarify the pros and cons of a project, that is, evaluate available information and proposed approaches; to promote mutual understanding of the stakeholders’ different perspectives; and to find resolutions that are mutually beneficial for all stakeholders.

A national survey on destructive effects of vulgarity upon preservation of landscape Implication of Ortega's “The Revolt of Masses” for Problem of Landscape

近年,我が国において良質な景観の形成に向けた取 り組みが盛んに進められており,景観法の施行や地方自 治体における景観条例の策定などの法制度の整備を含め, 様々な方策が検討されている .しかし,その一方で, 依然として,ゴミ投棄や路上駐車など,景観への配慮を 欠いた行為が後を絶たないことがしばしば指摘されてい る.さらに,よりよい景観や風景を創出することを意 図してデザインされた建築物や土木構造物が,地域との 適切な調和を欠いた景観や風景を創出してしまう危険性 も懸念されているところである . このように,良質な景観の保全・育成の為の様々な取 り組みがなされているにもかかわらず,「良質な景観の 破壊」に至るという事態が生じている背景に,人々の景 観に対する意識や態度そのものが必ずしも社会的に望ま しいものではないという可能性が考えられるところであ る.特に,良質な風景なるものが,時代と地域を越えた 普遍的・絶対的な価値と深い繋がりがあるであろうこと が既往研究において指摘されており,この点を踏まえ れば,上述のような良質な風景の破壊の進行は,人々の 普遍的・絶対的な価値への志向性が低下していることの 一つの徴候である可能性が浮かび上がることとなる. こうした人々における絶対的価値への志向性の喪失 については,古くから哲学的論考の中心課題であり続け てきたが,その中でもオルテガは,その著書「大衆の反 逆」(1930)において,近代大衆社会にみられる価値喪 失の中に,人間的生の否定や非道徳が胚胎していること を指摘している.オルテガの大衆論の特徴は,大衆を政 治的・社会的階級として捉えるのではなく,万人に共通 する「心理的事実」として捉えようとしたところにある. オルテガによれば,大衆とは「凡庸であることを自認し つつ,何ら努力もせずに責任も負わずに自らの権利を主 張するような人々」であり,このような大衆が社会の中 心に座ることによって様々な社会問題が生じつつある 20 世紀初頭の欧州での状況が,オルテガによって痛烈 な批判を込めて描写されている. オルテガの「大衆の反逆」は,1920年代のヨーロッ パを対象としたものであり,また,とりたてて景観論を 展開したものではない.しかし,今日の景観破壊の淵源 に,人々の景観に対する否定的態度が存在するならば, そうした帰結を導く心的傾向は大衆人に顕著に見られる 特徴であることはまさにオルテガが暗示するところのも のである.それ故,オルテガの大衆論が景観問題につい て示唆するところは少なくないものと予期されるところ である. こうした認識の下,筆者らは先行研究 において, オルテガの大衆論を踏まえて,個人の大衆性が風景・景 観保全に及ぼす否定的影響について以下の仮説を措定し た.