nan Tumiran

Leakage current measurement of epoxy resin compound with silicon rubber

Currently polymer materials have been widely used in the distribution and transmission as electrical insulators such as epoxy resin. Several advantages of using epoxy resin as an insulating material are its low density, better dielectric properties, and epoxy resin has higher volume resistivity than that of the glass and porcelain. However, epoxy resin has some disadvantages when it is used in tropical areas concerning with the humidity factor, high ultraviolet radiation, acid rain and effects of contaminants. Consequently, insulator surface will be easily damaged due to electrical tracking, which is indicated by the surface tracking. Silicon rubber was added to improve the dielectric properties such as hydrophobicity angle.

A new performance of RTV epoxy resin insulation material in tropical climate

This paper presents the results of an investigation on a new electrical performance of rtv epoxy resin insulation material in tropical climate. The specimens of epoxy resin insulating materials are based on diglysidyl ether of bisphenol A (dgeba), metaphenylene-diamine (mpda) as curing agent and 325-mesh silica filler treatment with variation of the silane. When the filler is pretreated with silane, before compounding in the resin, bulk handling, processing, and a new performance likes hydrophobic advantages are realized. Experimental method was carried out through the following procedure, the specimens are installed, on the Parangtritis natural aging test; site located /spl plusmn/30 km in the South of Yogyakarta. This site is subjected to heavy coastal pollution as well as to high sunny levels. The ac voltage was applied between two electrodes inserted into the sample surface. The evolution of the surface conductivity was investigated by current-voltage measurements and by the method of the surface potential decay. Calculation of the leakage current on contamination specimens surface, equivalent salt deposit density (esdd), and measurements contact angle of the hydrophobic. On the basis of the results, silane treatment of the filler can be improved overall the electrical performance of rtv epoxy resin insulation material in some operating environments.

The Design of A High Amplitude Impulse Current Generator

More and more applications of ZnO arrester in electrical system experienced more problems. One thing, that is still under some investigation, is the effect of multiple lightning strike to the performance of ZnO arrester. As we know, the design of ZnO arrester for transmission system and for distribution system differs in the point of view of the number of ZnO blocks. Transmission system, due to its higher nominal voltage than distribution system, has more numbers in ZnO blocks inside an arrester tube. In term of the current rating of an arrester, it is found that there is some different value of the current rating. The current rating of an arrester installed closer to electrical substation is higher than that of some further away from the substation. To the respond of a lightning impulse strike, the arrester will let a high value of impulse current flowing. It tends to heat the ZnO material of the arrester. If the number of impulse strike is quite high then it may give the effect to the change of the arrester performance. This condition will endanger the equipment that is protected by the arrester from lightning strikes. During this research, the scope of work is limited to making an impulse current generator toward to one having 8/20 microsecond wave-shape. This kind of impulse current wave-shape is the one that is used for studying the performance of ZnO block.

The hydrophobicity improvement of high voltage insulator based on epoxy polysiloxane and rice husk ash compound

The hydrophobicity on surface of insulator material in outdoor is very important. In humid and the rainy conditions, the insulator surface must not easily wet, so that the surface conductivity of insulators remain low, thus the surface leakage current is very small. Therefore the polymeric insulator must be hydrophobic and withstand against environmental conditions. This paper presents the effect of polysiloxane content upon contact angle and the hydrophobicity of high voltage insulator made of epoxy resins, polydimethyle siloxane (PDMS) and rice husk ash compound in artificial environment. The samples of epoxy resin insulating materials were based on Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA), Metaphenylene-Diamine (MPDA) as curing agent and 325-mesh Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as filler, treated with variation of PDMS content. This research aims to improve the hydrophobicity of polymeric insulation materials. Experimental method was carried out through the following procedure. The samples were installed in the special chamber, then were exposed to pollutant at their surfaces. They were radiated using ultraviolet in artificial environment. Contact angle of water droplets on the sample surface was measured. The experiment results showed that the PDMS treatment of filler can improve the hydrphobicity of insulator material, compared without PDMS.

The Computer Simulation for High Amplitude Impulse Current Design

The use of ZnO arrester for electrical equipment lightning surge protection has been worldwidely spread since the last two decades. Many researches paid attention to the performance of the ZnO arrester. Many kind of ZnO arrester tests were carried out. One kind of test that needs to be done is an impulse current testing using 8/20 microseconds impulse waveshape of 5000 A and of 10000 A amplitudes. As has been known that the life time of ZnO arrester installed at some electrical system is determined by the number of lightning that really strike and result in large amplitude of impulse current flowing through the arrester. This research shows the design of impulse current parameters and their effects in producing impulse current waveshape toward an impulse current of 8/20 microseconds using EMTP (electromagnetic transient program). It was found that by increasing the inductance of the circuit making a longer time to reach the amplitude of the impulse. While increasing the capacitance results in the increase of the impulse current amplitude. The resistance can control the tail time of the impulse current. By means of EMTP, it can be designed the impulse current waveshape of any kind. Therefore, before the impulse current wave physical construction is made, the EMTP was used to determine the impulse current parameters. The result of varying one parameter related to the size, the kind, and other thing that we would like to have a look.

Degradation and Chemical Structure Analysis of the RTV Silane Epoxy Resins in Tropical Climate

Currently the use of outdoor polymeric insulator materials are increasing in electrical distribution and transmission lines. One of them that are very popular is epoxy resins insulation material. There are several advantages of epoxy resins materials such as they have lower density mass, better dielectric properties, and higher volume resistivity compared to porcelain and glasses. However, there are some disadvantages in their application, for example: they are very sensitive in high temperature and in a very humid areas, and in the area receiving high intensity of ultra violet radiation, especially in tropical climate are still unknown well. The effect of silane treatment filler to the epoxy resins materials is expected to provide a better hydrophobic characteristic. Samples of silane epoxy resins materials were made from diglicydyl ether of bhisphenol-A cured by metaphenylene diamine using the value of stochiometric of unity. Then the 325-mesh silica filler treatment will be conducted by varying the silane composition in the room temperature vulcanized. The dimension of a sample was 70 mmtimes70 mm with the thickness of 5 mm. The samples were laid upon an iron construction supporter about 8 m from the ground on Parangtritis beach, which is about 30 km away to the south of Yogyakarta city, for obtaining sea pollution in order to estimate their natural ageing performances. The investigation was carried out after 60 weeks later. Analysis of microstructure of the surface with SEM, indicate that the silane epoxy resins polymeric insulation materials with 60 weeks aging, compared with new materials and the degradation did not happen. Analysis of the chemical structure with FTIR also indicate that the silane epoxy resins polymeric materials after 60 weeks aging, compared with new materials and the chemical structure are not change

Harmonics reduction using LLCL filter on residential loads 450 VA and 900 VA in Central Java-Indonesia

The quality of electrical power basically is all issues relating to the electrical power, including deviation of the normal condition of voltage, current and frequency. The electronic equipment currently used in households generate significant current harmonic distortion. The objective of this research is to map and reduce the harmonic distortion on household electricity customers 450 VA and 900 VA. This research was conducted in several areas in Magelang City, Temanggung Regency, Purworejo Regency, Salatiga City, Karanganyar Regency, Banjarnegara Regency, Semarang Regency and Pekalongan Regency of Central Java randomly, using loads that are used for daily household. The average percentage of THDi for an installed power of 900 VA is 37.94 percent, while customers with 450 VA percentage of THDi is 49.84 percent. A group of households in a network with industry, the average percentage of THDi of installed power capacity of 900 VA is 38.94 percent and for the customer with 450VA has percentage THDi value of 41.29 percent. The results of measurement, percentage THDi on household electricity customers, then performed a simulation with PSIM software. Electric power source used and load voltage 220 V household appliances analogous to a full wave rectifier with resistive load of 100 ohms and 28 uF capacitor. Passive filter used is the type LLCL. The simulation resulted from using LLCL filter tuned to the harmonic order 3 with a frequency of 150 Hz to get a reduction of percentage THDi from 45.6204 percent dropped to 9.1444 percent with 16 volt voltage drop.