Ulisses Caramaschi

TWO NEW SPECIES OF PHYLLODYTES (ANURA: HYLIDAE) FROM THE STATE OF ALAGOAS, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Two new species of the genus Phyllodytes are described from the State of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Phyllodytes edelmoi sp. nov. was obtained at Mata do Catolé, Maceió, and three additional localities. This new, medium sized species (snout–vent length [SVL] 23.5–28.8 mm) is characterized by a dark brown to black dorsum with many pearl white spots in post-metamorphic and young specimens; a conspicuous pearl white spot on the dorsum of the tadpole; in life, adults deep golden yellow, no distinct tubercle on the tip of the snout; and nares on slightly elevated prominences. Phyllodytes gyrinaethes sp. nov. was collected only at Fazenda Bananeiras, Murici; it is characterized by its medium size (SVL 23.9–27.9 mm); a marbled dorsal pattern on the body and limbs; a well developed nuptial pad at the base of the first finger; a hidden tympanum; a red cast on the concealed areas of thigh, tibia, inner border of foot, and inguinal region; and a morphologically specialized tadpole with expanded labia. Description of the tadpoles and notes on the habitats and habits of the new species are presented. Resumo Duas novas espécies do gênero Phyllodytes são descritas do Estado de Alagoas, nordeste do Brasil. Phyllodytes edelmoi sp. nov. foi obtida na Mata do Catolé, Maceió, e em outras três localidades; essa nova espécie, de tamanho médio (CRA 23,5–28,8 mm), é caracterizada pela coloração marrom escuro ou enegrecido, com muitos pontos branco-perolado, nos jovens e recém-metamorfoseados; uma evidente mancha branco-perolado no focinho do girino; adultos, em vida, de cor amarelo dourado; focinho sem tubérculo apical; narinas colocadas em pequenas elevações. Phyllodytes gyrinaethes sp. nov., coletada na Fazenda Bananeiras, Murici, é caracterizada pelo seu tamanho médio (CRA 23,9–27,9 mm) e pelo calo nupcial bem desenvolvido na base do primeiro dedo; tímpano oculto; padrão dorsal do corpo e membros marmoreado; partes ocultas das coxas e tíbias, borda interna do pé e região ingüinal avermelhado; girino morfologicamente especializado, com disco oral muito amplo e outros caracteres incomuns. Descrições dos girinos e notas sobre os habitats e hábitos das novas espécies são apresentadas.

Ocupação espacial, alimentação e época reprodutiva de duas espécies de Corydoras Lacépède (Siluroidei, Callichthyidae) coexistentes no rio Alambari (Botucatu, São Paulo)

Patterns of spatial occupation, feeding, and reproductive period of two species, Corydoras aeneus and Corydoras gr. carlae (Siluroidei, Callichthyidae), coexistents in the Alambari River (Botucatu, Sao Paulo), were studied. High diet overlap, partial spatial segregation, and well differentiated reproductive strategies were verified. These findings do not permit to evidence the occurrence of competitive interactions between the analysed species.

A new species of Phyllodytes (Anura, Hylidae) from southern Bahia, Brazil

T HE genus Phyllodytes is composed of small species of treefrogs having odontoids on the mandible, a unique character among hylids. The species occur in eastern Brazil and Trinidad, in regions of open vegetation, where they call from, and breed in, bromeliads. Tadpoles develop in accumulated rain water in these plants. During a field trip to a region in southern Bahia, Brazil, we explored an area with a high density of bromeliads and collected a distinctive species of the genus Phyllodytes. In this paper, we describe this new species and present a description of the tadpole and notes on its habits and habitat. The abbreviations used in the account below

Uma nova espécie de Crossodactylus da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)

Crossodactylus bokermanni, sp. n., is described from Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brasil. The new species is characterized by the small size (20-27 mm), slender build, long legs, narrow head, long and acuminate snout, rounded but fairly defined canthus rostralis, and small tympanum. Also, notes on its habits are made and its tadpole is described.

Uma nova espécie de Thoropa da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)

Thoropa megatympanum, sp. n., is described from the Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brasil. The new species is related to T. miliaris (Spix), from which it is readily distinguished by its smaller size, broader head, larger tympanum, shorter legs, and dorsal pattern mottled. The eggs and the tadpole are also described.

A new species of Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826 from the Atlantic Rain Forest, Eastern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)

Uma nova especie do genero Rhinella e descrita de Canavieiras, no sul do Estado da Bahia, na Floresta Atlântica do leste do Brasil. Rhinella hoogmoedi sp. nov. e caracterizada pelo tamanho medio para o genero (CRA 39,4-52,1 mm em machos), focinho arredondado em vista dorsal, com uma prega apical vertical que lhe da um aspecto aproximadamente mucronado, e proximo de agudo em perfil, cristas anterorbital e supra-orbital desenvolvidas, crista parietal pouco desenvolvida, crista pos-orbital grande, formando uma pequena aba lateral, timpano evidente, apofises vertebrais nao salientes no dorso, presenca de uma linha dorsolateral de tuberculos pontiagudos na borda externa da glândula parotoide, continuando-se ao longo da lateral do corpo ate a virilha, um tuberculo arredondado no canto posterior da boca e fendas vocais presentes. A nova especie esta distribuida do Estado do Ceara ate o Estado do Parana, Brasil.

The taxonomic status of Leptognathus incertus Jan, 1863, with revalidation of Dipsas alternans (Fischer, 1885) (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

The dipsadine snake Leptognathus incertus was originally described from French Guiana and subsequently was restricted to the Atlantic Rain Forest in southeastern and south Brazil. We compare its original description with available data for Leptognathus alternans as well as with species of the genus Dipsas occurring in French Guiana. Leptognathus alternans is revalidated in the combination Dipsas alternans, representing the populations occurring in the Atlantic Rain Forest of southeastern and south Brazil. The neotype of L. alternans is designated and described. The taxonomic status of L. incertus is revised and, in the interest of stabilizing the nomenclature of this species, Dipsas copei is synonymized with L. incertus in the combination Dipsas incerta, corresponding to populations of the Guianan region. The holotype of L. copei is designated as the neotype of L. incertus. A serpente dipsadinea Leptognathus incertus foi descrita originalmente da Guiana Francesa e posteriormente restrita a Floresta Atlântica no sudeste e sul do Brasil. Comparamos sua descricao original com os dados disponiveis de Leptognathus alternans, bem como com especies do genero Dipsas que ocorrem na Guiana Francesa. Leptognathus alternans e revalidada sob a combinacao Dipsas alternans, representando as populacoes que ocorrem na Floresta Atlântica do sudeste e sul do Brasil. O neotipo de L. alternans e designado e descrito. O status taxonomico de L. incertus e revisado e, no interesse da estabilizacao da nomenclatura desta especie, Dipsas copei e sinonimizada com L. incertus sob a combinacao Dipsas incerta, correspondendo as populacoes da regiao das Guianas. O holotipo de L. copei e designado como o neotipo de L. incertus.

Notas taxonômicas sobre Pseudis fusca garman e P. bolbodactyla A. Lutz, com a descrição de uma nova espécie correlata (anura, pseudidae)

The taxonomic status of Pseudis fusca Garman and P. bolbodactyla A. Lutz is revalidated, and here they are considered full species. The rediscovery of P. fusca is related, and a redescription of the species is presented. The redescription, the designation of the lectotype, and the description of the tadpole of P. bolbodactyla are provided. Pseudis tocantins sp.n. is described from the Tocantins river basin. The geographical distribution of these three species is discussed.

A New Species of Hyla (Anura, Hylidae) from Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Hyla ibitipoca, a member of the H. circumdata species group, is described from the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Lima Duarte, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species inhabits gallery forests along small creeks and is characterized by its small size, color pattern, transverse dark bars on thighs and flanks, and small tympanum.

Timeless standards for species delimitation

Recently a new species of bombyliid fly, Marleyimyia xylocopae, was described by Marshall & Evenhuis (2015) based on two photographs taken during fieldwork in the Republic of South Africa. This species has no preserved holotype. The paper generated some buzz, especially among dipterists, because in most cases photographs taken in the field provide insufficient information for properly diagnosing and documenting species of Diptera.