Ulla-Brita Nordberg

Radiation therapy and surgery in the treatment of regional lymph nodes in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva

A series of 244 patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinomas was analyzed with regard to treatment of the regional lymph nodes. In 144 patients, groin dissection was performed, supplemented in 24 cases by pelvic lymphadenectomy. Preoperative irradiation was given and in cases with positive nodes postoperative irradiation as well. Patients in whom lymph node dissection was not performed received irradiation. Treatment failures in the regional lymph node regions were analyzed and the policy concerning treatment of the regional lymph nodes is discussed.

Dosimetry of Combined Intracavitary and External Irradiation of Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

Dose distribution around intracavitary applicators (Stockholm technique) has been investigated. The gradient of dose around the combination of intrauterine and vaginal applicators used is steep. The position of the uterus with and without the radium applicators inserted varies. Together with the steep dose gradient this implies that external irradiation following intracavitary treatment involves a risk for overdosage to tissues in the vicinity of the uterus and underdosage to the parametrium.

ROENTGEN IRRADIATION AT 200 kV OF NEOPLASMS OF THE NASOPHARYNX Technique and dose distribution

hlalignant tumours of the nasopharynx have usually been treated by conventional roentgen therapy. In recent years y-radiation from 6oCo sources and high energy roentgen rays from 35 MeV betatrons have also been employed; an attempt was made by SNELLING in 1954 to estimate the dose distribution for some different types of treatment techniques. This paper presents an analysis of the dose distribution in the nasopharynx and adjacent structures obtained by roentgen irradiation at 200 kV with a 4-field technique in the treatment of tumours limited to the nasopharynx. Technique. A sketch is first made of the contour of the face at the level of the nasopharynx and a lateral roentgenogram is obtained of the skull. The enlargement of the roentgenogram in the sagittal plane can be determined by means of a measuring stick fixed on the forehead and nose of the patient. The true depth of the nasopharynx and the site of the tumour are established and transferred to the previously drawn sketch.