Ulrich Frank Pape

Consensus guidelines for the management of patients with liver metastases from digestive (neuro)endocrine tumors: Foregut, midgut, hindgut, and unknown primary

a DRK Kliniken Westend, Berlin , Germany; b UFR Bichat-Beaujon-Louis Mourier, Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hopital Louis Mourier, Colombes , France; c Medicine and Surgery, General Surgery Section, MED/18 – General Surgery and d Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona , Italy; e Netherlands Cancer Centre, Amsterdam , and f Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam , The Netherlands;

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Towards a Standardized Approach to the Diagnosis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Their Prognostic Stratification

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : towards a standardized approach to the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and their prognostic stratification

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : biochemical markers

Biomarkers have been the mainstay in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) over the last few decades. In the beginning, secretory products from a variety of subtype

ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: Somatostatin receptor imaging with IIIIn-pentetreotide

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : Somatostatin Receptor Imaging with In-111-Pentetreotide

Consensus guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumours: Well-differentiated colon and rectum tumour/carcinoma

a Department of Gastroenterology, North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke , UK; b Stadtisches Klinikum Neuss, Lukaskrankenhaus, Chirurgische Klinik I, Neuss , Germany; c Istituto di Radiologia, Policlinco GB Rossi, Verona , Italy; d Institute for Pathology, Kantonsspital, Baden , Switzerland; e Departments of Internal Medicine and Endocrinological and Metabolic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa , Italy; f II. Internal Medical Department, University Hospital Martin, Martin , Slovakia; g G. Genimatas Hospital, Athens , Greece; h Erciyes University Medical School, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kayseri , Turkey; i H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center/ University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla. , USA; j Anatomie Pathologique, Hopital Edouard Herriot, Lyon , France;

Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Digestive Neuroendocrine Tumours: Well-Differentiated Tumour/Carcinoma of the Appendix and Goblet Cell Carcinoma

Consensus guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumours : well-differentiated tumour/carcinoma of the appendix and goblet cell carcinoma

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Follow-Up and Documentation

Summary of follow-up recommendations in patients with benign and malignant neuroendocrine tumorsFollow-upyes/no endoscopy US/CT/MRI Octreoscan CgABenign insulinoma noType 1 gastric carcinoid yes yearlyRectal carcinoid no (if completely resected)Appendiceal carcinoid T1 noAppendiceal carcinoid T2 ? (see text)Resectable tumor (uncertain behavior)G1 every 6–12 months yes(gastric carc.)yes every 2 years 2 yes 1 Resectable malignant tumor with/without nodal involvementG1 every 6–12 months yes every 2 years 2 yes 1 G2 every 6 months yes yearly 2 yes 1 G3 every 3 months yes yearly 2 yes 3 Non-resectable malignant tumor with/without nodal involvement and/or liver and other metastasesG1 every 6–12 months yes every 2 years 2 yesG2 every 6 months yes yearly 2 yesG3 every 3 months yes yearly 2 yes 31 Only in the presence of a visible tumor. 2 Recommendations regarding the time frames of Octreoscan should be adjusted to the individual situation. 3 In poorly differentiated tumors and negative CgA NSE may act as a suitable marker.

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Biotherapy

aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; bDepartments of Internal Medicine and Endocrinological and Metabolic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; cG. Genimatas Hospital, Athens, Greece; dDepartment of Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; eNetherlands Cancer Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; fDepartment of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Neuroendocrine Tumors

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Neuroendocrine Tumors

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for Standard of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumours: Biochemical Markers

Biomarkers have been the mainstay in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) over the last few decades. In the beginning, secretory products from a variety of subtypes of NETs were regarded as biomarkers to follow during diagnosis and treatment: serotonin for small intestinal (SI) NETs, and gastrin and insulin for pancreatic NETs. However, it became evident that a large number of NETs were so-called nonfunctioning tumors without secreting substances that caused hormone-related symptoms. Therefore, it was necessary to develop so-called “general tumor markers.” The most important ones so far have been chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Chromogranin A is the most important general biomarker for most NETs with a sensitivity and specificity somewhere between 60 and 90%. NSE has been a relevant biomarker for patients with high-grade tumors, particularly lung and gastrointestinal tract tumors. Serotonin and the breakdown product urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (U-5-HIAA) is still an important marker for diagnosing and follow-up of SI NETs. Recently, 5-HIAA in plasma has been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection and has shown good agreement with U-5-HIAA analysis. In the future, we will see new tests including circulating tumor cells, circulating DNA and mRNA. Recently, a NET test has been developed analyzing gene transcripts in circulating blood. Preliminary data indicate high sensitivity and specificity for NETs. However, its precise role has to be validated in prospective randomized controlled trials which are ongoing right now.