Umit Atila

A 3D-GIS Implementation for Realizing 3D Network Analysis and Routing Simulation for Evacuation Purpose

The need for 3D visualization and navigation within 3D-GIS environment is increasingly growing and spreading to various fields. When we consider current navigation systems, most of them are still in 2D environment that is insufficient to realize 3D objects and obtain satisfactory solutions for 3D environment. One of the most important research areas is evacuating the buildings with safety as more complex building infrastructures are increasing in today’s world. The end user side of such evacuation system needs to run in mobile environment with an accurate indoor positioning while the system assist people to the destination with support of visual landscapes and voice commands. For realizing such navigation system we need to solve complex 3D network analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate and implement 3D visualization and navigation techniques and solutions for indoor spaces within 3D-GIS. As an initial step and as for implementation a GUI provides 3D visualization of Corporation Complex in Putrajaya based on CityGML data, stores spatial data in a Geo-Database and then performs complex network analysis under some different kind of constraints. The GUI also provides a routing simulation on a calculated shortest path with voice commands and visualized instructions which are intended to be the infrastructure of a voice enabled mobile navigation system in our future work.

Integration of CityGML and Oracle Spatial for implementing 3D network analysis solutions and routing simulation within 3D-GIS environment

3D navigation within a 3D-GIS environment is increasingly getting more popular and spreading to various fields. In the last decade, especially after the 9/11 disaster, evacuating the complex and tall buildings of today in case of emergency has been an important research area for scientists. Most of the current navigation systems are still in the 2D environment and that is insufficient to visualize 3D objects and to obtain satisfactory solutions for the 3D environment. Therefore, there is currently still a lack of implementation of 3D network analysis and navigation for indoor spaces in respect to evacuation. The objective of this paper is to investigate and implement 3D visualization and navigation techniques and solutions for indoor spaces within 3D-GIS. For realizing this, we have proposed a GIS implementation that is capable of carrying out 3D visualization of a building model stored in the CityGML format and perform analysis on a network model stored in Oracle Spatial. The proposed GUI also provides routing simulation on the calculated shortest paths with voice commands and visual instructions.

SmartEscape: A Mobile Smart Individual Fire Evacuation System Based on 3D Spatial Model

We propose SmartEscape, a real-time, dynamic, intelligent and user-specific evacuation system with a mobile interface for emergency cases such as fire. Unlike past work, we explore dynamically changing conditions and calculate a personal route for an evacuee by considering his/her individual features. SmartEscape, which is fast, low-cost, low resource-consuming and mobile supported, collects various environmental sensory data and takes evacuees’ individual features into account, uses an artificial neural network (ANN) to calculate personal usage risk of each link in the building, eliminates the risky ones, and calculates an optimum escape route under existing circumstances. Then, our system guides the evacuee to the exit through the calculated route with vocal and visual instructions on the smartphone. While the position of the evacuee is detected by RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology, the changing environmental conditions are measured by the various sensors in the building. Our ANN (Artificial Neural Network) predicts dynamically changing risk states of all links according to changing environmental conditions. Results show that SmartEscape, with its 98.1% accuracy for predicting risk levels of links for each individual evacuee in a building, is capable of evacuating a great number of people simultaneously, through the shortest and the safest route.

Developing a 3D Routing Instruction Engine for Indoor Environment

The need for 3D visualization and navigation within 3D-GIS environment is increasingly growing and spreading to various fields. When we consider current navigation systems, most of them are still in 2D environment that is insufficient to realize 3D objects and obtain satisfactory solutions for 3D environment. For realizing such a 3D navigation system we need to solve complex 3D network analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate and implement 3D visualization and navigation techniques and develop 3D routing instruction engine for indoor spaces within 3D-GIS. As an initial step and as for implementation a Graphical User Interface provides 3D visualization based on CityGML data, stores spatial data in a Geo-Database and then performs complex network analysis. By using developed engine, the GUI also provides a routing simulation on a calculated shortest path with voice commands and visualized instructions.

Automatic Generation of 3D Networks in CityGML and Design of an Intelligent Individual Evacuation Model for Building Fires Within the Scope of 3D GIS

Designing 3D navigation systems requires addressing solution methods for complex topologies, 3D modelling, visualization, topological network analysis and so on. 3D navigation within 3D-GIS environment is increasingly growing and spreading to various fields. One of those fields is evacuation through the shortest path with safety in case of disasters such as fire, massive terrorist attacks happening in complex and tall buildings of today’s world. Especially fire with no doubt is one of the most dangerous disaster threatening these buildings including thousands of occupants inside. This chapter presents entire solution methods for designing an intelligent individual evacuation model starting from data generation process. The model is based on Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) which is one of the most preferred artificial neural network architecture in classification and prediction problems. We focus on integration of this model with a 3D-GIS based simulation for demonstrating an individual evacuation process.