Urpo Tuomela

Advanced Interaction in Context

Mobile information appliances are increasingly used in numerous different situations and locations, setting new requirements to their interaction methods. When the users situation, place or activity changes, the functionality of the device should adapt to these changes. In this work we propose a layered real-time architecture for this kind of context-aware adaptation based on redundant collections of low-level sensors. Two kinds of sensors are distinguished: physical and logical sensors, which give cues from environment parameters and host information. A prototype board that consists of eight sensors was built for experimentation. The contexts are derived from cues using real-time recognition software, which was constructed after experiments with Kohonens Self-Organizing Maps and its variants. A personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone were used with the prototype to demonstrate situational awareness. On the PDA font size and backlight were changed depending on the demonstrated contexts while in mobile phone the active user profile was changed. The experiments have shown that it is feasible to recognize contexts using sensors and that context information can be used to create new interaction metaphors.

Interaction and end-user programming with a context-aware mobile application

In this paper we present the user interface design and evaluation of a tool for customizing mobile phone applications with context-aware features. The tool enables the user to program a set of context-action rules, defining the behavior of the device when a selected context is recognized and/or some other user-defined conditions are met. The tool user interface design is described starting from an early paper prototype and its evaluation, leading to a functional software implementation in a mobile phone. Finally, the usability evaluation of the functional prototype, and other relevant findings from the user test, are presented.