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Featured researches published by V. F. Vetere.


Journal of Applied Electrochemistry | 1999

Performance of zinc molybdenum phosphate in anticorrosive paints by accelerated and electrochemical tests

B. del Amo; Roberto Romagnoli; V. F. Vetere

This work studied the anticorrosive behaviour of micronized ‘zinc molybdenum phosphate’ (zinc phosphate modified with zinc molybdate). It was proposed to evaluate its efficiency in solvent borne paints with 30 and 15% of the pigment by volume and a pigment volume concentration/critical pigment volume concentration ratio (PVC/CPVC) of 0.8. The behaviour of paints formulated with different binders such as epoxy, chlorinated rubber, vinyl and alkyd resins, was assessed by accelerated (salt spray cabinet and accelerated weathering) and electrochemical tests. Epoxy and chlorinated rubber paints showed the best anticorrosive performance. The inhibitive action of ‘zinc molybdenum phosphate’ was confirmed. Good correlation was obtained between salt spray and electrochemical tests.


Journal of Coatings Technology | 2001

Calcium tripolyphosphate: An anticorrosive pigment for paint

V. F. Vetere; M. Deyá; Roberto Romagnoli; B. del Amo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of calcium tripolyphosphate in anticorrosive paints. Its anticorrosive properties were studied in pigment suspensions and in solventborne paints with 10% and 30% of the pigment by volume and a pigment volume concentration/critical pigment volume concentration (PVC/CPVC) equal to 0.8. The behavior of paints formulated with epoxy and alkyd resins was assessed by accelerated (salt spray cabinet and humidity chamber) and electrochemical tests (corrosion potential, ionic resistance, and polarization resistance).Calcium tripolyphosphate was proven to inhibit steel corrosion when incorporated in a paint film. Good protection was achieved employing only 10% by volume of the pigment, instead of 30%, as was suggested in the case of phosphates. The anticorrosion protection afforded by alkyd paints was impaired when the pigment content was increased. Epoxy paints seemed to be less sensitive to the pigment content.


Surface Coatings International | 1999

A non-toxic antifouling compound for marine paints

V. F. Vetere; Maria Angeles Perez; Mario A. Garcia; M. Deyá; Mirta Stupak; B. del Amo

SummariesLaboratory tests with the common barnadeBalanus amphitrite showed narcotic effect on nauplii, cyprids and odults of a solution of sodium benzoate in artificial sea water. This effect was faster as the concentration of sodium benzoate was increased. Field trials confirmed it was successfull in preventing barnade deposition on soluble matrix paints formulated with sodium benzoate as the antifouling agent. These results indicate the potential bio-activity of sodium benzoate on fouling organisms.ZusammenfassungLaborversuche mit dem gewöhnlichen Raubenfüsskrebs,Balamus amphitrite, zeigteten die narkotische Wirkung einer Lösung von Natriumbenzoat in kunstlichen Seewasser auf Nouplien, Kypride und Ausgewachsene. Diese Wirkung wurde schneller als die Konzentration Natriumbenzoats vermehrt war. Feldversuche bestättigteten, daß es erfolgreich bei Verhinder ung der Roubehfüsskrebsablagerung auf Farben formuliert mit einer löslichen Matrix auf Natriumbenzoat als Antifoulingmittel wurde. Diese Resultaten zeigen die potentieilen Bioaktivität des Natriumbenzoats auf die Organismen die Bewuchs verursachen.RésuméLes essais au laboratoire sur la bernache ordinaire,Balatus amphitrite, mettent en évidence l’effet narcotique d’une solution du benzoate de sodium en eau de mer artificielle sur nouplii, cyprides et adultes. Cet effet se produisait plus rapidement au fur et a mesure que la concentration de benzoate de sodium se augmentait. Des essais pratiques ont confirmé que ce compose était efficace en empêchant le dépõt des bernaches sur les peintures formulées avec benzoate a sodium en tant qu’agent antifouling au sein du soluble. Ces résultats démontrait la bioactivité potentielle de benzoate de sodium contre des organismes capables d’engendrer les salissures.


Pigment & Resin Technology | 2001

Aluminium tripolyphosphate pigments for anticorrosive paints

M. Deyá; V. F. Vetere; Roberto Romagnoli; B. del Amo

The efficiency of two anticorrosive pigments containing aluminium polyphosphate was studied. Pigments were analysed by current analytical techniques and characterised by FT‐IR spectrometry. The anticorrosive properties of the selected pigments were evaluated following the electrochemical behaviour of a steel electrode in pigments suspensions. In a second stage, solvent‐borne paints with 30 and 10% v/v of the pigment and PVC/CPVC (pigment volume concentration/critical pigment volume concentration) ratio 0.8 were formulated. Three resins were chosen as film forming materials: an alkyd, an epoxy and a vinyl. The performance of the resulting anticorrosive paints was assessed by accelerated (salt spray cabinet and humidity chamber) and electrochemical tests (corrosion potential, ionic resistance and polarisation resistance). The anticorrosive performance of the tested paints was closely related with pigment composition. The nature of the resin was also of importance; in this sense, epoxy paints showed the best anticorrosive performance. Good correlation has been obtained between accelerated and electrochemical tests.


Surface Coatings International | 2000

High performance anticorrosive epoxy paints pigmented with zinc molybdenum phosphate

Roberto Romagnoli; B. del Amo; V. F. Vetere; L Vèleva

SummariesThe aim of this research was to study the anticorrosive performance of zinc molybdenum phosphate in solvent-borne epoxy paints at two anticorrosive pigment loadings. The effect of incorporating zinc oxide was also studied.The anticorrosive efficiency of the different paint systems was assessed by accelerated and electrochemical tests.ZusammenfassungDer Zweck dieser Forschung war die Korrosionsschutzleistung von Zinkmolybdönphosphat in lösemittelhältigen Epoxidfarben bei zwei Geholte an Korrosionsschutzpigment. Die Wirkung der Einfuhrung von Zinkoxid wurde auch studiert.Die Korrosionsschutzfähigkeit verschiedener Anstrichstoffssyteme wurde durch schnelle und elektrochemische Prüfungen bewertet.ZusammenfassungLe but de ces recherches était l’étude du rendement anticorrosion de zinc molybdène phosphate en peintures époxydiques aux solvants à deux teneurs en pigment anticorrosion. L’efficacité anticorrosion de differents systèmes de peinture était évoluée par des essais accélérés et électrochimiques.


Journal of Coatings Technology | 1997

Solubility and toxic effect of the cuprous thiocyanate antifouling pigment on barnacle larvae

V. F. Vetere; Miriam Pérez; Roberto Romagnoli; Mirta Stupak; B. del Amo

Cuprous oxide is one of the most commonly employed antifouling pigments. However, its red color limits further pigmentation of the paint. On the other hand, cuprous thiocyanate is a white pigment that can be employed when film pigmentation in other colors is required. The purpose of this paper is to study the chemical and biocidal properties of cuprous thiocyanate, in comparison with those of cuprous oxide, with a view of its utilization in paint elaboration.The solubility, oxidability, particle size distribution, and oil absorption of the pigment were determined along with two methods for its preparation. A solubilization mechanism for cuprous thiocyanate is also outlined.Biological tests were carried out in the laboratory in order to evaluate the biocidal properties of cuprous thiocyanate. Lt50 and Lt100 were determined for Balanus amphitrite nauplii and cyprids.White cuprous thiocyanate has, in many ways, similar properties to those of cuprous oxide, although it is less oxidizable and has a greater lethal action than cuprous oxide.


Corrosion Reviews | 1996

Study of the Anticorrosive Properties of Micronized Zinc Phosphate and Zinc Molybdophosphate in Alkyd Paints

B. del Amo; Roberto Romagnoli; V. F. Vetere

Red lead and zinc Chromates are undoubtedly the most efficient pigments to be employed in the formulation of anticorrosive paints. Their use, however, is restricted by international regulations due to their possible toxic effects. Inorganic phosphates, especially zinc phosphate, are suggested as a replacement for toxic Chromates. However, data on their anticorrosive properties are not conclusive. The anticorrosive behaviour of non micronized and micronized zinc phosphates and micronized zinc molybdophosphate in paints with an alkyd binder has been studied in this paper. The anticorrosive action of zinc phosphate is compared with that of zinc Chromate and with that of non anticorrosive pigments. The anticorrosive performance of the paints was evaluated through accelerated tests in salt spray and humidity chambers (ASTM Β 117-90 and D 2247-87, respectively), electrochemical tests and film adhesion (ASTM D 3359). It has been established that micronized zinc phosphate and zinc molybdophosphate have a slightly higher anticorrosive performance than zinc Chromate. Good correlation has been obtained among salt spray and humidity chambers tests and electrochemical determinations.


Pigment & Resin Technology | 2001

Benzoates: a new approach to non‐toxic marine fouling control

Maria Angeles Perez; Mario A. Garcia; V. F. Vetere; M. Deyá; B. del Amo; Mirta Stupak

Owing to present and expected future regulations on the use of polluting antifouling compounds, there is a growing need for alternative methods for the prevention of biofouling. Some experiments on the effect of iron benzoate, as a possible biocide agent, on nauplii of Balanus amphitrite were carried out. This pigment was used because it is rapidly hydrolysed and consequently it produces a pH decrease. Although anion benzoate has an intense narcotic effect on nauplii, the results clearly demonstrated that the combined action of this compound and a pH decrease (generated by iron benzoate hydrolysis) produce a pronounced antifouling activity, i.e. the synergic effect is greater than separate effects.


Surface Coatings International Part B-coatings Transactions | 2003

Zinc tripolyphosphate: An anticorrosive pigment for paints

M. Deyá; V. F. Vetere; Roberto Romagnoli; B. del Amo

SummariesThe aim of this paper was to study the efficiency of zinc tripolyphosphate as an anticorrosive pigment for paints. A procedure to prepare the pigment was outlined and its anticorrosive properties evaluated following the electrochemical behaviour of a steel electrode in pigment suspensions. In a second stage, solvent-borne paints containing barium sulphate, talc and titanium dioxide together with 30 or 10% v/v (by volume) of zinc tripolyphosphate, with respect to the total pigment content, and PVC/CPVC (pigment volume concentration/critical pigment volume concentration) ratio 0.8 were formulated. Two resins were chosen as film-forming materials: an alkyd and an epoxy-polyamide (1:1) resin. The performance of the resulting anticorrosive paints was assessed by accelerated (salt-spray and humidity chambers) and electrochemical tests (corrosion potential, ionic resistance and polarisation resistance).It was demonstrated that zinc tripolyphosphate inhibited corrosion when incorporated into a paint film. It showed an excellent performance when employed with the alkyd resin. Good correlation was obtained between accelerated and electrochemical tests.RésuméCet article a comme but l’étude de l’efficacité du tripolyphosphate de zinc en tant que pigment anticorrosit pour la peinture. Les grandes lignes des procédés de préparation ont été exposées et ses propriétés anticorrosives ont été évaluées selon le comportement d’une électrode d’acier dans des suspensions du pigment. Au cours d’une deuxième étape on a formulé des peintures diluables au solvant et contenant du suitate de barium, du talc, et du dioxide de titane aussi bien que 30 ou 10% v/v du pigment tripolyphosphate de zinc par rapport au contenu total en-pigments dans le rapport de 0.8 CPV/CPVC (concentration pigmentaire volumique/concentratation pigmentaire volumique critique) Deux résines ont été choisies pour former le film, l’une alkyde, l’autre une époxy-polyamide (1:1). La performance des peintures anticorrosives qui en provenaient a été évaluée par des essais accélérés (enceintes d’essais en brouillard salin et en humidité) et par des essais électrochimiques (potentiel de corrosion, résistance ionique, résistance de polarisation).Nous avons démontré que le tripolyphosphate de zinc quand il est incorporé à un film de peinture inhibe la corrosion. Il a fait preuve d’une performance excellente quand il était employé avec la résine alkyde. Il y avait une bonne corrélation entre les résultats des essais accélérés et ceux des essais électrochimiques.ZusammenfassungDer Zweck dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit von Zinktripolyphosphat als ein korrosionshemmendes Pigment für Anstrichfarben zu untersuchen. Wir stellten zunächst eine Methode vor, um das Pigment herzustellen, und bewerteten dann seine antikorrosiven Eigenschaften mittels der elektrochemischen Reaktion einer Stahl-Elektrode in einer Pigmentsuspension.In einem zweiten Schritt wurden lösungsmittelhaltige Farben hergestellt, die Bariumsulfat, Talk und Titaniumdioxid, sowie einen Anteil von 10% v/v oder 30% v/v des Zinktripolyphosphat (bezogen auf den Gesamtpigmentgehalt) enthielten. Die Farben hatten ein Verhältnis von Pigmentvolumenkonzentration zu kritischer Pigmentvolumenkonzentration von 0.8. Wir verwendeten zwei verschiedene Harze als Filmbildner in diesen Farben: ein Alkyd und ein Epoxy-Polyamid (1:1) Harz. Die Wirksamkeit des enstandenen korrosionshemmenden Lackes wurde mittels beschleunigten Tests (Salzsprüher und Luftfeuchtigkeitsräume) und eletrochemischer Tests (Korrosionspotential, ionischer Widerstand, Polarisationswiderstand) ermittelt.Die Tests untermauerten, daß Zinktripolyphosphat als Bestandteil einer Farbe oder eines Lackes korrosionshemmed wirkt. Zinktripolyphosphat zeigte eine hervorragende Leistung als Bestandteil eines Lackes auf Alkydbasis. Wir fanden auch eine gute Korrelation zwischen den beschleunigten Tests und den elektrochemischen Tests.


Surface Coatings International Part B-coatings Transactions | 2003

Effective acid pre-treatments for galvanised steel

Roberto Romagnoli; V. F. Vetere; B. del Amo

SummariesGalvanised steel is widely used as structural steel for different technological applications because of its higher corrosion resistance with respect to bare steel. The protective abilities of zinc may be enhanced by employing thicker coatings (610g/m2) or by painting the metallic surface with an adequate system, originating the so-called duplex systems.The main problem concerning zinc painting is achieving a good adherence of the paint system to galvanised steel. Adequate pre-treatments may enhance the adhesion of the complete system and facilitate further painting. The object of this paper was to formulate different acid pre-treatments for galvanised steel and test their performance with respect to the adhesion of a given binder. The performance of different non-priming pre-treatments for galvanised steel was evaluated through electrochemical tests and surface roughness measurements. The adhesion of different binders on treated galvanised steel was also assessed over time by employing suitable standardised adhesion tests. The characteristics of the conversion coating were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the surface composition was determined by energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX). For the self-priming pretreatments only changes in adhesion were determined over time.The adhesion of binders on to the pre-treated galvanised steel strongly depended on the nature of the conversion layer. In every case, adhesion tests led to good results even after six months. The self-priming formulations, except that containing vinyl resin, also showed good adherence to the substrate after six months of testing.RésuméL’acier galvanisé est beaucoup utilisé comme acier structural pour des applications technologiques diverses à cause de sa bonne résistance corrosion à l’acier non revétu. Les propriétés protectrices du zinc peuvent être améliorées par l’application de couches plus épaisses (610g/m2) ou par le revêtement de la surface métallique selon un système adéquat, ce qui donne naissance à ce que l’on appelle les systèmes duplex.Le problème principal concernant le revêtement du zinc est de réaliser une bonne adhérence du système de revétement à l’acier galvanisé. Des prétraitements adéquats pourraient améliorer l’adhésion du système entier et faciliter l’application de revêtements supplémentaires. Le but de cet article était de formuler plusieurs prétraitements à l’acide pour l’acier galvanisé et d’essayer leur performance en ce qui concerne l’adhérence d’un liant donné. La performance de divers prétraitements qui n’étaient pas des apprêts pour l’acier galvanisé a été évaluée au moyen d’essais électrochimiques et de mesures de rugosité surfacique. L’adhérence de divers liants à l’acier galvanisé a aussi été évaluée pendant un [certain] temps par le moyen d’essais d’adhérence normalisés appropriés. Les caractéristiques du revêtement de conversion étaient étudiées par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB/SEM) et la composition surfacique était déterminée par analyse x en dispersion d’énergie (EDAX). En ce qui concerne les prétraitements qui s’apprêtaient automatiquement nous avons déterminé seulement des changements d’adhérence pendant un [certain]temps. L’adhérence des liants à l’acier galvanisé prétraité dépendait beaucoup de la nature de la couche de conversion. Dans tous les cas les essais d’adhérence ont mené à de bons résultats, mêmes après six mois. Les formulations qui s’apprêtaient automatiquement, à l’exception de celles qui contenaient de la résine vinylique, ont aussi montré une bonne adhérence au substrat après six mois d’essais.ZusammenfassungGalvanisierter Stahl wird gerne als Strukturelement für verschiedene technische Anwendungen verwendet, weil es verglichen mit nacktem Stahl sehr korrosionsresistent ist. Die schützende Wirkung von Zink kann durch die Verwendung von dickeren Beschichtungen (610g/m2) oder durch die Behandlung mit einem anderen angemessenen Schutzsystem wie einem Duplex-System verbessert werden.Das Hauptproblem mit Zinkanstrichen ist, eine gute Haftung zwischen dem Anstrich und dem Stahl zu erzielen. Angemessene Vorbehandlung kann hier helfen, und weiteres Streichen erleichtern.Die Absicht dieser Arbeit war, verschiedene Säurevorbehandlungen für galvanisierten Stahl herzustellen und ihre Leistung im Vergleich mit einem vorgegebenen Bindemittel zu überprüfen. Die Leistung verschiedener Vorbehandlungen wurde durch elektrochemische Tests und die Messung der Oberflächenrauheit gemessen. Die Haftkraft verschiendener Bindemittel mit galvanisierten Stahl wurde durch standardisierte Adhäsionstests überprüft.Die Eigenschaften des Konvertierlackes wurde ermittelt durch Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (SEM) und die Zusammensetzung der Oberfläche wurde durch energiedispersive Röntgenaufnahmen (EDAX)] studiert. Für Vorbehandlungen mit selbst-priming wurden nur die Veränderungen in der Adhäsionskraft gemessen.Die Adhäsion von Bindemitteln an die Oberfläche von vorbehandelten galvanisierten Stahl hing stark von der Art der Übergangsschicht ab. In jedem Fall ergaben die Adhäsionstest gute Resultate selbst nach sechs Monaten.Selbst-priming Formulierungen zeigten auch gute Haftkraft nach sechs Monaten, mit der Ausnahme von Formilierungen mit Vinylharz.

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Roberto Romagnoli

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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B. del Amo

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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M. Deyá

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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Maria Angeles Perez

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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Mario A. Garcia

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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Mirta Stupak

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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Raffaele Romagnoli

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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L Vèleva

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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Miriam Pérez

National University of La Plata

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R. A. Armas

National Scientific and Technical Research Council

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