V. F. Yushkin

A NEW SCALE OF HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED REPRESENTATIONS AS A CHARACTERISTIC FOR RANKING ENTITIES IN A GEOMEDIUM

Conclusions1.Based on studies previously conducted at the Mining Institute, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of nonlinear geomechanics and the results of analysis presented in a paper on the hierarchically structured makeup of metamorphic granite masses, therefore, it is possible to conclude that in processing experimental physical or geomechanical information, a semi-log or log-log scale on a base of ten A ∨ log A ↔ x ∨ log x and A = f(x), where A and x are functionally related quantities normalized in a special manner) is the most convenient and natural theoretical description of nonlinear processes in structured media.2.Recommendations are given for sampling the dimensions of the averaging base and discretization interval of a data file for graphic representation or computer analysis of experimental information, and also in smoothing operations performed in accordance with the sliding-window method.3.The canonical scale that we developed for hierarchically structured representations of physical information can be used as a ranking characteristic for entities in geomedia. This provides for the possibility of a spectroscopic approach to the identification of the atoms of the elements in Mendeleevs table or their mechanical compounds, which has come into widespread use in physics and chemical analysis; this would even be applicable, however, to analysis of nonlinear physical or geomechanical processes (quasi-resonance approach), including confirmation of the hypothesis of the existence of an acoustic-electromagnetic rainbow [7].

Nonlinear Deformation Processes in the Vicinity of Mine Workings. Part II

The in-situ experiments with the use of borehole deformometers are carried out. It is established that the response to blasting is of the marked alternating character, and approaching of explosion foci to the measurement points leads to increase in strains with nonlinear dependence on the distance. The dimensions of geoblocks involved in the deformation processes and the velocity of their movement are determined.

Failure Features of One-Dimensional Model of Block Media under Sustained Uniaxial Loading

It is established experimentally that, in block geomedia, under conditions of sustained (months) uniaxial loading, the normal tension cracks can appear and develop under the action of stresses which are less than the ultimate strength in uniaxial compression of the corresponding geomaterial samples by an order. The features distinguished in the experiment on failure of one-dimensional block model of geomedium are compared with the results of visual and instrumental observations of failure character of the ore masses of the Talnakh-Oktyabrsky deposit.

Experimental Tests of a Multichannel Optoelectronic Longitudinal Deformometer

Test results are presented for a multichannel optoelectronic longitudinal deformometer MOED-1p at the “Oktyabrsky/” mine of the Norilsk deposit with which rock strains and displacements were monitored around an observation working located in the area of a tectonic fault. Basic versions are developed for installing the transducers of the instrument with fixing of the datum-mark support both within the depth of the rock mass and also at the side wall of the working. A relationship is established between the designed technical and actual characteristics of the instrument.

Longitudinal multichannel optoelectronic deformometer

ConclusionBased on laboratory and full-scale (on-site) tests, the developed basic model of the MOÉD-Ip longitudinal-type multichannel optoelectronic deformometer appears to match its design specifications. Laboratory experiments using acoustic channels have demonstrated the unique possibility of application of individual measuring modules of the MOÉD-Ip instrument system for diagnosis and monitoring of the state of block media in terms of their loading stages. Based on full-scale (on-site) experiments in the Borok quarry, absolute deformations in rock mass due to blasts of different power under set conditions have been recorded for the first time. We believe that this technical development will find wide application in both mining and civil engineering for monitoring of the effect of blasts, earthquakes, and other factors on the state of natural or engineering structures. In this context, special stress should be laid on integrated application of deformographic and acoustic measurements. The procedure of processing and joint analysis of physical information proposed in this paper is indisputably novel and promising for practical applications.We express sincere appreciation to V. I. Shut and V. K. Pakhotskii for their great help in constructing the MOÉD-Ip instrument system as well as to the specialists of the Novosibirskvzryvprom (Novosibirsk Blasting Industry) B. P. Raspopov, I. A. Aleksandrov, P. V. Kobelev, and V. N. Yurchenko for their help in organizing and performing on-site experiments at the Borok quarry.

Verification of kinematic expression for pendulum waves based on the seismic measurements in terms of the Tashtagol Mine and Iskitim marble quarry

Obtained in underground excavation in Tashtagol Mine, Kemerovo Region, and in dislocation area in karst in Iskitim marble quarry, Novosibirsk Region, the experimental data give evidence of the change in the velocity of seismic wave packets depending on energy of mechanical impulse inputs when elastic waves propagate in the system of mineral body–fault zone–mineral body. It is shown in the article that the resulting dependences between first arrivals of seismic wave packets and energy of impact (source) conform with the kinematic relationship typical for pendulum waves in high-stress structured geomedia.

Effect of large-scale blasting on spectrum of seismic waves in a stone quarry

The article discusses the interaction between the groups of explosive charges installed at the free surface of rock exposure along the open pit mine perimeter. The spectrum analysis of the explosion-induced seismic waves shows that peak density frequencies of the seismic waves are governed by the formation of the canonical low-frequency components as a result of successive actuation of explosive charges, and are conditioned by hierarchical block structure of blasted rock masses.

Monitoring system for lateral strains and seismic processes in bore-holes and underground mine workings

The article describes a seismic deformation monitoring system composed of the seismic station “Baykal-7HR” and a strain gauge station with optico-polarization sensors for lateral strains in relief bore-holes. The presented monitoring system is equipped with a GPS-receiver and a self-contained data pickup device for real-time measurement and data coordination, which is very important in controlling stress conditions of rocks in underground rooms and pillars.

Analytical Description of Surface of Blasting-Formed Underground Cavities by Laser Scanning Data

In terms of Tashtagol Mine, the authors address the issues connected with the configuration and surface of cavities formed by blasts of explosive charges in high-stress rock mass structured as a hierarchy of blocks. Laser scanning of a cavity offers the data on linear and angular characteristics of the cavity surface. The analysis of the surface structure provides details of the rock mass block hierarchy, which essentially influences formation of the roof and sidewalls of the cavity. Individual areas of the cavity surface are described with the help of approximation of measured coordinates of the cavity boundary in the cross sections using the second order curves, including circumferences and ellipses the radius of which are canonically connected with the phenomenon of zonal disintegration of rock mass.

Erratum to: Publisher’s Erratum

Due to a technical error volume 53, issue 4, 2017 has been published online with an incorrect cover data. The issue has erroneously been distributed with the cover date July 2018. The correct caver date for volume 53, issue 4 should be July 2017.