V. G. Gurzadyan

The Blackholic energy: long and short Gamma‐Ray Bursts (New perspectives in physics and astrophysics from the theoretical understanding of Gamma‐Ray Bursts, II)

We outline the confluence of three novel theoretical fields in our modeling of Gamma‐Ray Bursts (GRBs): 1) the ultrarelativistic regime of a shock front expanding with a Lorentz gamma factor ∼ 300; 2) the quantum vacuum polarization process leading to an electron‐positron plasma originating the shock front; and 3) the general relativistic process of energy extraction from a black hole originating the vacuum polarization process. There are two different classes of GRBs: the long GRBs and the short GRBs. We here address the issue of the long GRBs. The theoretical understanding of the long GRBs has led to the detailed description of their luminosities in fixed energy bands, of their spectral features and made also possible to probe the astrophysical scenario in which they originate. We are specially interested, in this report, to a subclass of long GRBs which appear to be accompanied by a supernova explosion. We are considering two specific examples: GRB980425/SN1998bw and GRB030329/SN2003dh. While these sup...

EMERGENCE OF A FILAMENTARY STRUCTURE IN THE FIREBALL FROM GRB SPECTRA

It is shown that the concept of a fireball with a definite filamentary structure naturally emerges from the analysis of the spectra of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). These results, made possible by the recently obtained analytic expressions of the equitemporal surfaces in the GRB afterglow, depend crucially on the single parameter ℛ describing the effective area of the fireball emitting the X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. The X-ray and gamma-ray components of the afterglow radiation are shown to have a thermal spectrum in the co-moving frame of the fireball and originate from a stable shock front described self-consistently by the Rankine–Hugoniot equations. Precise predictions are presented on a correlation between spectral changes and intensity variations in the prompt radiation verifiable, e.g., by the Swift and future missions. The highly variable optical and radio emission depends instead on the parameters of the surrounding medium. The GRB 991216 is used as a prototype for this model.

Black Hole Physics and Astrophysics: The GRB-Supernova Connection and URCA-1 - URCA-2

We outline the confluence of three novel theoretical fields in our modeling of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs): 1) the ultrarelativistic regime of a shock front expanding with a Lorentz gamma factor

On the Numerical Study of the Complexity and Fractal Dimension of CMB Anisotropies

\sim 300

The Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting: On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Gravitation and Relativistic Field Theories (In 3 Volumes)

; 2) the quantum vacuum polarization process leading to an electron-positron plasma originating the shock front; and 3) the general relativistic process of energy extraction from a black hole originating the vacuum polarization process. There are two different classes of GRBs: the long GRBs and the short GRBs. We here address the issue of the long GRBs. [...] We are specially interested, in this report, to a subclass of long GRBs which appear to be accompanied by a supernova explosion. We are considering two specific examples: GRB980425/SN1998bw and GRB030329/SN2003dh [...].

CHAOS IN CORE-HALO GRAVITATING SYSTEMS

We consider the problem of numerical computation of the Kolmogorov complexity and the fractal dimension of the anisotropy spots of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. Namely, we describe an algorithm of estimation of the complexity of spots given by certain pixel configuration on a grid and represent the results of computations for a series of structures of different complexity. Thus, we demonstrate the calculability of such an abstract descriptor as the Kolmogorov complexity for CMB digitized maps. The correlation of complexity of the anisotropy spots with their fractal dimension is revealed as well. This technique can be especially important while analyzing the data of the forthcoming space experiments.

Kolmogorov and Aleksandrov in sevan monastery, Armenia, 1929

Gravitational collapse of the wavefunction - an experimentally testable proposal, R. Penrose local and global results on the Cauchy problem for the Einstein equations, Y. Choquet-Bruhat mathematical challenges of general relativity, S. Klainerman the global initial value problem in general relativity, D. Christodoulou quantum gravity at the turn of the millennium, G.T. Horowitz spinors, superalgebras and the signature of spacetime, S. Ferrara recent developments in superstring theory, J.H. Schwarz superstring phenomenology and large extra dimensions, I. Antoniadis quantum strings and black holes, T. Damour gravitational waves - the new generation of interferometric detectors, B.C. Barish TAMA Project, T. Kimio resonant detectors of gravitational waves, E. Coccia implications of the r-mode instability of rotating relativistic stars, J.L. Friedman and K.H. Lockitch chaotic phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology, V.G. Gurzadyan astrophysical neutrinos - 20th century and beyond, J.N. Bahcall solar and atmospheric neutrino results from super-kamiokande, T. Kajita geodetic precession in binary neutron stars, M. Kramer the hot Big Bang - physics and cosmology, R.B. Partridge imaging the early universe and measuring the curvature of space, P. De Bernardis type Ia supernovae and the accelerating universe, G. Aldering the structure of the universe on 100 Mpc scales, J. Einasto the distance scale of GRBs and the role of BeppoSAX, E. Costa the cosmic gamma-ray bursts, S.G. Djorgovski et al black holes and gamma ray bursts, R. Ruffini spectral and timing signatures of the converging inflow into black hole -observational evidence of a black hole existence, L. Titarchuk x-ray novae and the evidence for black hole event horizons, R. Narayan et al strong field gravity measurements with quasi-periodic oscillations from low mass x-ray binaries, L. Stella cosmic journeys - to the edge of gravity, space and time, N. White. (Part contents)

Halley's comet of 87 BC on the coins of Armenian king Tigranes?

Chaotic dynamics essentially defines the global properties of gravitating systems, including, probably, the basics of morphology of galaxies. We use the Ricci curvature criterion to study the degree of relative chaos (exponential instability) in core-halo gravitating configurations. We show the existence of a critical core radius when the system is least chaotic, while systems with both smaller and larger core radius will typically possess stronger chaotic properties.

RECOVERING THE INTERNAL DYNAMICS AND THE SHAPES OF GALAXY CLUSTERS: VIRGO CLUSTER

Does your hometown have any mathematical tourist attractions such as statues, plaques, graves, the café where the famous conjecture was made, the desk where the famous initials are scratched, birthplaces, houses, or memorials? Have you encountered a mathematical sight on your travels? If so, we invite you to submit to this column a picture, a description of its mathematical significance, and either a map or directions so that others may follow in your tracks.

Arrows of Time and the Anisotropic Properties of CMB

Coins of Armenian king Tigranes II the Great (95-55 BC), silver and copper-bronze tetradrachms and drachms, clearly reveal a star with a tail on the royal tiara which may be associated with the Halleys comet passage of 87 BC. If so, one has another case when astronomical events can be useful for historical chronological problems, this would be a far earlier record of Halley in Armenia than was previously known from chronicles and also one of the earliest known images of Halleys comet.