V. I. Larkina

Earthquake precursors in magnetically conjugated ionosphere regions

Abstract It is known that the highly conducting geomagnetic field flux tube and quasitrapped energetic particles provide strong electrodynamic coupling between magnetically conjugated regions in the ionosphere. Such a connection is likely to cause ionospheric disturbances before a pending earthquake not only over the epicentral zone but also in the opposite hemisphere. Data from the INTERCOSMOS-18 and ALOUETTE satellites were analyzed from this point of view. Earthquake precursors in magnetically-conjugated ionosphere regions were found in very low frequency (VLF) emission and F2-peak parameters. F2-precursors appear some days before the earthquake, and manifest themselves as an Appleton-type anomaly if the epicenter of the future earthquake is situated near the magnetic equator. Estimation of the electric field magnitude necessary to generate the observed anomaly was made. It was shown that an electric field of less than one mV/m must be generated in the ionosphere. VLF precursors appearance some hours before the earthquake is localized close to the magnetic shell corresponding to the future earthquake epicenter and have a belt-like structure (longitudealigned for more than some tens thousands kilometers) in both hemispheres. VLF precursors are followed by energetic particle (electrons energy W>40 keV) precipitation.

Remote identification of radioactive contamination by satellite measurements

Abstract The simultaneous measurements of the magnetic and electric component of ELF/VLF emission field, low-energy electrons and ambient satellite plasma temperature by “Intercosmos 19” satellite data are analyzed. It is established, that in the Barents–Kara Sea region the areas of the observation of simultaneous fluctuations of these parameters have coincided with zones of high contents of cesium ( 137 Cs) at bottom sediments. The observation results in conjunction with ionospheric anomalies observed by the Japan ISS-b satellite instruments, that was active above Barents–Kara shelf region also, were analyzed (analysed). We prepare the maps of the hydrogen, helium and oxygen ions distribution above South Barents hollow by using the data of Japan satellite. It is established, that the area of registration of light ions by Japan satellite ISS-b has coincided with the area of the observation of simultaneous small-scale fluctuations of plasma parameters by Intercosmos 19 satellite data. On the basis of the all the method of detection of radiological contamination in the near-ground atmosphere layer, in the bottom sediment and in the water layer is offered. The method includes simultaneous measurement of parameters of near-earth plasma: magnetic and electrical component of ELF/VLF emission field, of low-energy electrons, of ambient satellite plasma temperature and intensity of light ions. Received results of our investigation can be utilised for forecasting in an ecology, seismology, in geology of oil and hydrogeology.

Electromagnetic emissions over the deep lithosphere faults by satellite measurements

Abstract The paper is devoted to the problem of the stimulation of the low-frequency emission field in upper ionosphere by Earths seismic origin. Previously we have received additional information, that intensity bursts of the low-frequency emission was registered on board “Intercosmos 19” satellite, when it passes over deep lithosphere faults.

Definition of lithospheric zones (areas) of variable geodynamic activity at satellite orbit by ELF/VLF emission measurement

Abstract During span of a satellite over zones of deep faults of a lithosphere, the variations of intensity of low-frequency emissions and also bursts (splashes) of low energy electron flows (50 eV and 120 eV) and increase of ambient plasma temperature are observed. On the basis of such stable anomalous measurements on different orbits above the same tectonic frames, the method of a detection of lithospheric areas with various geodynamic activity is revealed.

Local and global effects of space earthquake precursor anomalies

Abstract It is shown that two main groups of the earthquake precursors exist in near-earth space. There are plasma anomalous structures which appear above the epicentral area of future earthquake at full range of ionospheric heights. There are “noise” belts in VLF band registered at both hemispheres by low-orbit satellites. For the both types of space precursors it was claimed that they have their local image which depends strongly on epicenter location and on time and geographical position of precursors observations.