V.K. Singh

De Novo Assembly of Bitter Gourd Transcriptomes: Gene Expression and Sequence Variations in Gynoecious and Monoecious Lines

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a nutritious vegetable crop of Asian origin, used as a medicinal herb in Indian and Chinese traditional medicine. Molecular breeding in bitter gourd is in its infancy, due to limited molecular resources, particularly on functional markers for traits such as gynoecy. We performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of bitter gourd using Illumina next-generation sequencer, from root, flower buds, stem and leaf samples of gynoecious line (Gy323) and a monoecious line (DRAR1). A total of 65,540 transcripts for Gy323 and 61,490 for DRAR1 were obtained. Comparisons revealed SNP and SSR variations between these lines and, identification of gene classes. Based on available transcripts we identified 80 WRKY transcription factors, several reported in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; 56 ARF genes which play a pivotal role in auxin-regulated gene expression and development. The data presented will be useful in both functions studies and breeding programs in bitter gourd.

Shelf Life Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum on Different Organic Urban Waste

Trichoderma harzianum is one of the common fungal bio-agent belongs to sub-division deuteromycotina and worldwide used for sustainable management of various foliar, seed borne and soil borne pathogens due to antagonistic nature of the fungi. The members of genus Trichoderma are free-living, opportunist, a virulent, symbiotic fungus that are common in soil and root ecosystem (Harman et al., 2004). Antifungal metabolites of Trichoderma have been grouped by Ghisalberti and Sivasithamparam (1991). Trichoderma spp. is known to produce mycolytic enzymes such as β-1, 3, glucanasa, β -1, 4 endo-glucanase, chitinase and protease. These enzymes play an important role in the degradation of chitin which is the structural component of the target pathogens and herbivorous insects and consequent mycoparasitism (Harman et al., 1993). Trichoderma has gained maximum attention as bio-control agent due to the fact that it is effective against a large number of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi, suppressive effects on some root nematodes without adversely affecting beneficial microbes like Rhizobium and capable of promoting growth of certain crops. Bio-control technologies have gained International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Effect of the Reaction N + NO → N*2(v = 5) + O on the Production of NO by Lightning

Abstract The channel heating model is used to study the NO production by lightning. The reaction N+NO→N*2 (v = 5)+O is included in this model to investigate the effect on NO production. The calculations show significant changes in the NO production reported in earlier studies. It is found that the production of NO decreases by a factor of 2 at lower rates of mixing with the ambient air, and that this deviation narrows down toward zero at higher mixing rates.