V. M. Maslennikov

Evaluation of the nitrogen oxide emission level for a steam supply with natural gas into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine unit

Numerical simulation results on the effect of the operation parameters for a combustion chamber of a combined-cycle plant (CCP) with steam injection [1] for the combined production of heat and electric energy upon a reduction in nitrogen oxide emission are represented. Calculations are carried out for lean mixtures with α = 1.2–1.4 and great steam consumptions of 30–42%. The reaction analysis has shown that the main contribution in NOx formation was given by reactions with the advanced Zel’dovich thermal mechanism, and the reaction contribution with the participation of N2O into the NO formation was an order of magnitude higher than that by the mechanism of the prompt NO formation. NO2 does not form at high temperatures and only takes part in the conversion into NO in reactions with the participation of nitric acid. It is shown that the optimum choice of operation conditions for the combustion chamber of the CCP makes it possible to obtain the NOx content in the combustion products in some mill−1 (ppm). According to calculations, steam injection does not increase CO emission. A comparison with the experiment is given.

A steam-gas power plant for combined generation of electricity, heat, and cold (Trigeneration)

The creation of power plants for combined generation of electricity, heat, and cold is considered. Technical and economic comparative analysis of different ways to accomplish this task is performed on the basis of a special technique developed at the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is shown that on the basis of the existing domestic gas-turbine equipment, power plants for combined generation of electricity, heat, and cold can be created that are significantly superior in their performance to the best technologies in the world.

A high-efficiency steam-gas plant for combined electrical power and heat production

An original scheme of power plant for combined production of heat and electric power is considered in paper. A comparison is made of main thermodynamic and techno-economic characteristics of the setup proposed with the alternatives. A conclusion is made that the considered combined-cycle plant with high thermal efficiency, reduced weight-dimension characteristics and improved electrical-thermal production ratio can meet the requirements on energy-supply of mutual residential communities and industrial projects.

Synthesizing methanol from nitrogen-ballasted syngas

The possibility of the effective catalytic synthesis of methanol from nitrogen-ballasted syngas was studied. Syngas was obtained during the operation of power machines such as diesel engines or gas turbines. The dependences of CO and CO2 conversion per cycle, the quality of methanol, et cetera on the composition of syngas are characterized. The kinetic dependences of methanol synthesis on G-79-7GL catalyst (Zud Chemie) are described. For nitrogen-ballasted syngas, the dependences of the CO and CO2 conversion and the output and quality of methanol on the reaction conditions (pressure, temperature, and gas mixture feed rate) are the same as for nitrogen-free syngas, though the CO conversion declined considerably when the concentration of ballast nitrogen was increased. These studies served as the basis for the creation of energy-independent units for processing hydrocarbon gases into methanol and motor fuels.

Use of combined-cycle power units at cogeneration plants

Indices of reconstructed and new cogeneration plants (CPs) using combined cycle units (CCPUs) are considered. The conclusions that follow from the necessity of retention of the heat capacity of a CP under reconstruction and limited possibilities of CCPUs as to heat output are given.

Study of NO x formation in the combustion chamber of a thermal-clamping combined-cycle plant

This article discusses ways to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides in combined-cycle plants. It is shown that, compared with a conventional combined-cycle plant, this problem can be solved much simpler in a thermal-clamping combined-cycle plant. The results of experimental studies of NOx content in the combustion chamber are presented for such a plant.

About the strategy for development of the Russian power engineering (after ten years)

The situation that arose in the Russian power industry after restructuring the RAO UES of Russia is briefly analyzed. Special emphasis is placed on the fact that it is almost impossible to introduce innovations. Insolvency of directly copying foreign trends in development of power engineering is demonstrated. Several particular proposals aimed at improving the existing situation are stated that suggest raising the role of the State in managing the energy sector of the national economy.

A comparative technical and economic analysis of different alternatives for using coal in a combined-cycle plant with minimal emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

We consider the technical and economic aspects of a problem related to reducing the amount of CO2 emitted when coal is burned at thermal power stations. The additional costs associated with different technologies for entrapping carbon dioxide produced when coal is burned in steam-turbine units and combined-cycle plants (which are the main types of power-generating installations) are analyzed by way of comparison. The specific cost of removing carbon dioxide using different technologies for its entrapment is estimated.

Integrated energy generation and industrial processing as a method of energy-conservation

Integrated complexes for energy generation and industrial processing are an important component of an efficient energy system. These complexes allow the joint optimization of energy generation and product fabrication, while reducing environmental impact. This paper gives a comparative analysis of energy consumption by six variants of these energy-technology complexes: each combines specific fuel and chemical processing activity with a steam-turbine, steam-gas combined cycle, or magnetohydrodynamic power plant. Technologies for the preliminary in-cycle processing of fuel are based on the gasification or pyrolysis of coal. Electricity, synthetic liquid fuel, refined solid fuel, elemental sulfur, nitric acid, ammonia, and concentrates of ash elements are the main final products. It is shown here that in such complexes consumption of fuel for power generation may be reduced by 1.5–2.0 times relative to a standard steam-turbine power plant, owing to the coordination of technologies each solving a major task, optimization of the structure and parameters of each technology, and more complete utilization of fuel components, while ecological problems are simultaneously solved.

Methane conversion in a mixture of enriched air and water vapor

On the basis of thermodynamic analysis of the methane partial oxidation (conversion) process in a mixture of enriched air and water vapor, the conditions of practical implementation of such a process are determined for the integrated energotechnological use of natural gas with coproduction of electricity and synthetic liquid fuels. Considerable attention is paid to the conditions of formation of solid carbon (carbon black) in partial oxidation, and the means to reduce its yield are discussed.